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INFORMATION FOR BUILDING CAPACITORS: Comments
|
Puncture Voltage |
Material Dielectric strength per Mil |
"K" (0.001 inch) |
| | |
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Miscellaneous
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Vacuum 1.0
Paper, bond 3.0 200
Paper, Royal Grey 3.0 200
Paper, telephone, treated 2.5 - 4 200 - 250 *
Paper, Parafin Coated 2 -3.5
Paper, Kraft 2.2
Oil, Castor 4.67
Oil, Mineral, Squibb 2.7 200
Oil, Mineral 2.2
Oil, Transformer 2.1 - 2.5 75 *
Rubber 3.0
Rubber, Hard 3.0 160 - 500 *
Rubber, Vulcanized 3.2 - 3.9 1
Fibre 5.0 - 7.5 150 - 180
Fibre, Red 5.0
Mica 4.5 - 8.0 3800 - 5600
Mica, Ruby 5.4 3800 - 5600
Quartz 3.8 - 5.0 1000
Quartz (Fused) 4.2 150 - 200 *
Shellac 2.5 - 4.0 200 - 400
Spar Varnish 4.8 - 5.5
Steatite, low loss 5.8 150 - 315
Steatites (Magnesium silicate,etc) 5.5 - 7.5 200 - 300
Cambric (Varnished) 4.0 2
Alsimag 196 5.7
Gutta Percha 4.0 3
Amber 3.0 - 7.0 4
Resin 2.48 - 2.57
Enamel 5.1 450
Mycalex 7.4 250
Silicone RTV 3.6 550
Wood 2.0 - 5.2
Wax (Parafin) 2.1 - 2.5 250 - 450 *
Beeswax 2.9 - 3.0
Slate 7.0 5
Barium titanate(25 C) 1200
Bariam titanate 6000
Titanium dioxide 125
Cellulose acetate 3.3 - 3.9 250 - 600
Casein, Moulded 6.4 6
Polytetraflourethylene 2.0 A
Aluminum oxide 8.7
Tantalum pentoxide 22
Glass
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Glass 4.8 - 10 300
Plate Glass 6.8 - 8.4
Pyrex Glass 4.8 - 10 335
Window Glass 7.6 - 7.8 200 - 250
Ceramics
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Cordierite ceramics 5.0 - 5.5 100
Magnesium titanate ceramic 12 - 18 150
Porcelain 5.1 - 7.5 40 - 280
Titanium dioxide ceramic 70 - 90 100
Titanium-zirconium dioxide ceramic 40 - 60 150
Plastics
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Bakelite 4.4 - 5.8 300
Bakelite, Mica filled 4.7 325 - 375
Epoxy Circuit Board 5.2 700
Formica 4.6 - 4.9 450 7
Nylon (lowest values of 3 types) 3.2 407
PVC (rigid type) 2.95 725
Plexiglass 2.8 450 - 990
Polyethylene 2.2 - 2.3 450 - 1200
Polycarbonate (Lexan) 2.96 400
Polyethylene Terphthalate (Mylar) 3.0 - 3.1 7500
Polystyrene 2.5 - 2.6 500 - 700
Teflon 2.1 1000 - 2000
Gases
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Air (dry air at 1 atm) 1.0006 30 - 70
Air (20 atm, 19 deg. C) 1.0108 500 *
Carbon dioxide ( 1 atm, 0 deg. C) 1.000985 36 *
Carbon dioxide (20 atm, 15 deg. C) 1.020
Hydrogen (1 atm,0 deg.C) 1.000264 26.1 *
Liquids
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Amonia (liquid) 22
Benzene 2.28
Carbon tetrachloride 2.24 8
Chlorinated diphenyl 6.5 9
Ethyl Alcohol (O C) 28.4
Ethyl alchohol (20 deg.C) 25.8
Methyl alchohol 33.1
Water (distilled) 80 - 81
LEGEND:
* = Measured in Kilovolts per centimeter. All others are Volts per
mil (.001 inch) unless otherwise stated.
1 = Vulcanized means it has been melted, or heated in some way.
2 = Cambric is a finely woven white linen or cotton fabric.
3 = Gutta Percha is a rubbery substance made from the latex of tropical
trees and is used in insulation, waterproofing, and dentist use it
in thin sheets sometimes when working on teeth.
4 = Amber is a hard, translucent, yellow, orange, or brownish yellow
fossil resin, used in making ornamental objects like jewelry.
5 = Slate is a fine grained metamorphic rock that splits into thin
smooth faced layers. Black Boards for writting are made of this.
Also used as roofing material in some areas.
6 = Casein is a white, tasteless, oderless milk and cheese protein used
in the manufacture of plastics, glues, paints, and food. The word
'moulded' means it has been shaped by a mold.
7 = Formica is a trademark for any of various high-pressure laminated
plastic sheets of melamine and phenolic materials used for chemical
and heat-resistant surfaces.
8 = Carbon tetrachloride is a very toxic substance. It has also been
shown to cause cancer in lab animals. It is banned in most labs. It
is a liquid that was used as a strong solvent.
9 = Chlorinated diphenyl is a liquid dielectric that is used to
impregnate Kraft paper in small A.C. capacitors. This is a PCB
and may cause cancer, handle carefully.
A = Polytetraflourethylene films retain good properties even at
200 degrees Celsius (200 C).
atm = atmospheres (pressure of air at sea level is 1 atm).
deg.C = degrees Celsius.
Warning - Some liquids and gases listed may be explosive
under the right conditions. Many solids can
catch fire and burn. Use CAUTION and GOOD COMMON SENSE.
Note: Some books gave very different values for each substance so I
have given you the highest and lowest values reported. The values
will depend on the purity of the substance your using. If you
know your substance is very pure then use the higher value
reported. If you know your substance is contaminated or of poor
quality then use the lower values reported. If you have unknown
purity then use the average of the values given.
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EXPLAINATION OF EQUATIONS:
Here are some real handy equations. They are very simple and easy to
use.
x = Multiply by
/ = divide by ( may also use line seperating terms above and below
line as in standard mathematics).
( ) = Terms in parentheses should be calculated first as in standard
algebraic equations.
pi = 3.141592654. The circumferance of a circle divided by it's
diameter will always give you thisThe Daily Dialectics
Tesla Capacitor Equations
Synopsis
Tesla Did Patent his tech contrary to popular belief, though i believe his motives were mainly driven by the financial backers of the tech, and/or, to keep them
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