PROJECT BLUE BOOK

PROJECT 10073 R\-<CORD CARD

ory ee

—--<

1. DATE a LOCATION
Between Tonopah and
23 November 1957. Las Verzas, Nevada

.
Ges ert &

12. CONCLUSIONS

Was Balloon
Probably Balloon

0
Oo
3. DATE-TIME GROUP 4. TYPE OF OBSERVATION O Fessthly Bortoon
0631 = Q Was Aircraft
Local eS EET xO Ground-Vi sual 0 Ground-Rador CQ Probebly Aircraft
___ GMT _23/ 1a3lzZ pa aeecieie! D Air Visual O Air-Intercept Radar |2 Possibly Aircraft
0 Yes O Probably Astronomical
a __ xa No Mi Litary. ee te O Possibly Astronomical
7. LENGTH OF OBSERVATION 8. NUMBER OF OBJECTS | 9. COURSE DX Other Usveholorvianl
0D Insufficient Data for Evaluation
0 Unknown
20 minutes ia four north
10. BRIEF SUMMARY OF SIGHTING

Four disc like objects observed from a

1). COMMENTS _

distance of 50 feet for about 20 min-
utes. When source approached objects,
they rose and slowly disappeared behind
nearby low hills with an almost unbear-
able humming sound. Objects reportodly
left small impressions in the sand wher
landing gear had apparantly rested,

ATIC FORM 329 (REV 26 SEP $2)

|
1
|

Evaluated as optical illusion

or mistaken identity of conven-
tionnzl craft or due to road
fatigue, road hypnosis & exist-
ing conditions ~ half Light of
dawn & flat country with good
reflective qualities. Psychologi
cal implications, Possible hoax,

——“.

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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION | »
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JOINT MESSAGEFORM ah ie 3
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_ SPACE BELOW RESERVED FOR COM MUNICATION CENTER i ae.
= APIS i = Pr; ¥ 194
v; ‘ PARAPSRARR NOT RAAT RD NV OROT Pek eS I 220 liad
~y 4 be he EO ‘dot 9, we’ te i : Pane tN : oe, ” { : : \ lime f> v DIO c
ova nad POR TO DEE 2 thao / heckad Pre
fs Kes RENCE u ate D. VEE “hAbh ES GROUP b : us ere Checked By - "er eek
PRECEDENCE TYPE MSG (Check) ACCOUNTING | OR1G. OR REFERS TO CLASSIFICATION
A PEIN CANO De be ee ee —— -~| 56YMBOL OF REFERENCE
: cov 7 .
never. PRICEY oe BOAR | Huan LOIRE a x x
INFO 5
FROM: SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
2 /
TO: =
CMOR aa
INDIAN SPRINGS AFB IAF KEES
INDIAN SPRINGS, NEVADA
LC 40746 Oo |
Brom: AFCIN-4E,

Previous requests for cea

(atic) ©

Staff, Intelligence, is su Fe,

two requests, for check

and investigation from AF Chief &
Reference two requests, repeat
as to any aircraft, missile, helicorters
or other test flights or operations in general orea thirty(30)
miles west of Tonopah at anproximately 0630 hours morning

g of

23 Nov 57, Cite TIMsgs AFCIN-4E, IC-40090 DID 23 Jan 58 and IC-

40327 DID 19 Mar 58. Careful search shows no reply, Request #*

status or disposition of this matter as soon as possible, Also,
if rossible either one or both of your replies inadvertantly

sent to wrong address,

For authority and guidance re this mtter Ref snecific paragrerhs

1,4b,5 and 6b.

mn ——
ss 7 758-9318 DATE TIN
OV NGRADEN ATS VEAP YTPRVATS: Paze fh of i Page 5 3430 =
Vast bows a | at he tEAM, Copy / of 3 Copied, MONTH “| year j
Rasfh/ Ae sd ~ i April 52
2 ———_—— a — — — _
SYMBOL SIGNATURE
SON ea se: wis Lita
Ww | TYPEO NAME AND TITLE ps TYPED (or ttamped) NAME ‘AND TITLE
Rl George T. Gr fas 2 eB) 3s Bei }Lehmansed §
é PHone = 9216 fa cs 1 |e Lt, USAF
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 4} \ a Jaber: ET) R ATIC Duty Officer
° . dF
wit bare ’ » |
“~ : ergs 173 REPLACES OD FORM 173, 1 OCT 49, WHICH WILL BE USED UNTIL EXHAUSTED

1 | —

MESSAGES RE ACTION TAKiN TO

CONTRACT OR, FITTS FCR

ANALYSIS OF REFORTS ON

INCIDENT.....

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!

th ed ned othe, |
PONS © = 7 eur mye the eye Soe Elie ta ak a nal -2 are ; = asta

ITEM 8,

CAPT GREGORY ASKED ME TO PASS ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION
TO YOU.

Ae REQUEST YOUR DISCREET INTERCESSICN IN ATIC,S BEHALF
RE FITTS ANALYSIS OF A UFO PSYCHO CASE SUBMITTED TO HIM 6 WEEKS
AGOes

Be REQUEST REPEATED CONTACTS WITH HIM OR HIS PRIVATE SECRETARY
FOR THE LAST TWO WEEKS GIVE US IMPRESSION OF "RUN-AROUND".

Ce MATTER NOW HAS REQCKED XXXX REACHED INTEREST OF HIGH LEVEL
WASHINGTON GROUPS.

De FIRST CONTACT WITH FITTS - 4& WEKXXX WEEKS AGO - STATED HE
WOULD BE BUSY AND IN CONFERENCES FOR TWO WEEKSe IN VIEW OF
FACT THAT IT WAS UNDESIRABLE TO FIND SONEONE ELSE, CONSIDERED
OKAY TO LOSE THE TWO WEEKS.

E. LAST WEEK CALLED EVERY DAY WITH ASSURANCES THAT HE “FITTS”
WOULD GIVE US AN ORAL REPORT THE NEXT DAY AND HE WOULD CONTACT
USe YET NO ATTEMPT MADE TO CONTACT THE CENTER. WE HAD TO CALL

HIM NEAR THE END OF THE WORKING DAY WITH THE SAME ANSWER “SORRY,

ETCe, ETCe, WILL GIVE YOU A CALL".

Fe AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE INSTITUTE, COULD YOU CONTACT HIM

AGAIN AND FIND OUT WHETHER OR NOT HE OR ANY OF HIS COLLEAGUES
CAN DO IT. IF THE ANSWER IS "NO", DO YOU HAVE SOMEONE WITH IN
THE ORGANIZATION WHO COULD HANDLE THIS FOR US@™m

DEP U-BRSAT UME SILL HTS UL HO DIDNT _BRwA se -SOUNBER AS
rf os :* —~

SF ; :
5 * | ‘ . =
“re TIT = ) fT eh = rw ea eetae’ ‘ o" 1x Saat Ary -—
Teo -tt-253.—
YRS tte PSs oO
Ck-— CUR KKK EEE 233 eee FSS ACE HHI
THES>Is-Ck-28>>
ME-AGABN SEL —4-4-SH-NE-—#R- THO K
AND NOW ED
T-RE BFF. bast VOSe-tins = FOR
CaPLS ~
HAI bis FORRES :: ae

THE ORGANIZATION WHO COULD HANDLE THIS FOR USe WE HAVE TO GET
SOME REPLY INTO WASHINGTON TOMORROW TO OUR HEADQUARTERS e

eye GEA Tin ind ell vine DA Nairn PA ta eo

IQJX
ling _.drxe Qhiwk w
‘inte lomeg an

- 4
A 7}
Jy

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Camm

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ae

Eee cereeres tees emer cress rar eT TORIES NE eer tn PCO mere
’

GA THE CAPT IS HERE ri

HOLD ON ONE MIN PLS. GUS IS OWN HIS WAY HERE.
FIRE WHEN READY THEN GA

THIS IS GUS TO GREGORY CAPT GEORGE THAT IS

REVIEWING THE LOCAL NEWSPAPER I NOTICED A STATEMENT THAT DR FITTS
IS PLANNING TO LEAVE THE COUNTRY C VACATION I THINK ON APRIL

4 THe I AM STILL HOLDING THE SENSITIVE DOCUMENT AND HAVE

HEARD NO WORD FROM FITTS AS YET THIS WEEX SUGGEST THEREFORE

THAT IF YOU RETAIN ANY HOPES AT ALL OF GETTING HIS REVIEW THAT
YOU CALL HIM AND TELL HIN YOU WILL SHOW UP AT EITHER HIS OFFICE OR
HOME WITH THE DOCUMENT AND JUST ASK HIM TO NAME THI DAY AND HOUR

IF THIS SEENS SOUND I WILL RETURN THE DOCUMENT IN THE POUCH TODAY SO
THAT NO NEED FOR YOU TO STOP HERE TO GET IT GAPLS

GUS FROM CAPT GREGORY.

HAVE CONTACTED PROF FITT,S OFFICE EVERY DAY FOR THE LAST

TWO WEEKS. YESTERDAY I RECEIVED ASSURANCE FROM HIS SECRETARY

THAT HE WOULD AT LEAST REVIEW THE DOCUMENT SOMETIME TODAY.

SOME BACKGROUND REGARDING THIS

SUGGESTED TO HIS SECRETARY THAT SHE PLACE THE DOCUMENT IN HIS
HANDS AND THAT HE MERELY TAKE A "PEEK AT IT. APPARENTLY EITHER
THE SECRETARY OR FITTS THINKS THIS IS A VOLUMINOUS DOCUMENT WHICH
WILL REQUIRE SOME TIMEe ACTUALLY ONLY THREE PAGES. BELIEVE HE
CAN DO IT IN A HALF HOURe WAS UNDER THE IMPRESSION THAT THE
DOCUMENT WAS IN FITT,S OFFICEe IF WHAT YOU SAY IS TRUE, REGARDING
DOC, HE HAS NEVER SEEN ITe THEREFORE, RECOMMEND IT BE HAND CARRIED
TO HIS OFFICE AND DEMAND RPT DEMAND THAT IT BE PLACED INTO HIS
HANDS ASAPe LETS TRY THIS WAY, GUSe AND SEE WHAT HAPPENS/

CA

FROM A SECURITY VIEWPOINT WE HAVE HELD THIS DOCUNENT HERE AND HAVE
MADE NO EFFORT TO DELIVER IT TO FITTS BECAUSE OF THE DISCREET HANDLING
SITUATION PLUS THA THE FACT IT IS MARKED CONFIDENTIAL AND

FINALLY SIC SINCE WE HAVE NO-IDEA OF HIS CAPABILITY TO STORE IT

JUST CANT FIND IT IN MY SOUL TO DEMAND ANYTHING OF FITTS Att LEARY

THAT HE WOULD INFORM ME TO DROP DEAD ALSO SINCE THIS HAS BECONE

SO MESSY WE AS THE INSTITUTE WANT TO BE SURE WE IRRITATE NEITHER You

NOR FITTS BUT BOY WE ARE IN MIDDLE AS I AN SURE U ARE

I SUSPECT THAT FROM AN OVERALL STANDPOINT INCLUDING TRANSMISSION TINE
y, a > — . ee a a hella aia inDh

6 Sfii «4B

RAR ere eecaecrertacnennen nine immer eae A NSM Rees HN PETERS ITE Pa rans ema RRMA
SONALLY

I HAVE NO POSITION TO DEMAND A DARN THING
GAPLS

OKAY GUSS, YOUR POINTS ARE WELL TAKENe HOWEVER, CAN YOU HELP

ME OUT IN THIS. RESPECT - WILL YOU CONTACT HIS OFFICE AND ARRANGE

FOR A TIME AND PLACE FOR ME TO SEE HIiMe REASON - IS THAT YOU

WOULD PROBABLY GET FURTHER FROM A PROTOCOL VIEWPOINT THAN I

SINCE I HAVE BEEN WRITING HIS XXXXXXX BEEN RIDING HIS OR HER

BACK FOR THREE WEKXXX WEEKSe IF SOME FIRM DATE IS SET UP OR

AGREED TO, THEN SEND THE DOCUNENT BACKe HOWEVER, IF POSSIBLE

IN SOME WAY TO GET HIM TO COME DOWN TO YOUR PLACE TO TAKE A PEEK

AT IT, I AN SURE WE CAN GET AN ANSWER ON THE SPOT. f
THIS IS JUST A SUGGESTION GA |

K WILL GIVE IT ANOTHER TRY DONT LET ON I KNOW YOU HAVE CALLED
AND I WONT TELL HIM I WILL WAKE A ROUTINE FOLLOW UP BASED ON THE

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE SO HE WONT FEEL It! READ IN WILL ADVISE U

SOON AS I GET ANYTHING SOMETIME THIS GUY IS AS HARD TO GET AHOLD (
OF BY FONE AS A SPUTNICK OR A SAUCER

CLEAR ON TELECON AND THANKS GEORGE U HAVE MY COMPLETE
SYMPATHY

GAPLS

Ps Cs ee

WOULD NOT HAVE YR JOB FOR ALL TEXXX THE MONEY IN THE WORLD
APPRECIATE ANYTHING IN OUR BEHALF THAT YOU CAN NO

CLEAR TELECON HERE 7

OUT OR GA WITH TRAFFIC

OUR SINCEREST THANKS IN BEHALF OF MYSELF AND THE CENTER HERE

— Se on dentine mane - -
¥r See TE TA 7 14 Pere atm wen PE Snr 5 SNe a athe LTR Doe nme ry pO pan tty pony pe ty eae

MEMO FOR FILE = Togopafy 23 Nov 58 Incident
SUBJECT: Long-Distance Call to State Highway Department of Nevada,
Carson City, Nevada
1. Called Nevada Highway Department as to the estimated traffic that
would be on the road US 96 and “US 5, between Tomopek, Nevada and points
east and north, at around 5:00 to 6:30 in the morning, particularly around
November 23rd,

2. Following information given by a Mr. McNeil1?(or McNulty or McPhail,

Transmission bad): |

a. Always some traffic on that road from and to Northern Nevada

and California.
i Qers
b. When asked for specific estimates said “about 25 to 30, per hour”,
3. Was asked if anything unusual such as any odd airborne object was

reported to the Nevada State Highway Patrol or Highway Department on that date
by any motorist on or about 23 November, Replied in the negative.

to

GEORGE T, GREGORY
CAPT., USAF
22 January 1958

if = at —
Aeneas ait ali tusieiee yi in.

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Lo. Ry rly 1 gdm 94 i> ft . :
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‘ay 1

i THE aii STATE TSNIVERSITY

Novice G. Fawcerr, President

COLUMBUS 10

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
DuraatMent of Psycnorocy

Laponatoay oF AVIATION s Apr Sd ae 955

Psyctiot.ocy
259 NATATORIUM

We

Mr. Howard Cross

attelle Memorial Institute
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio

Dear Mr. Cross,

L have examined the Tonopah, Nevada Incident of 23 November 1957,
involving lst. Lt. Joseph F. Long.

This is indeed an unusual report. With one important exception, it
has many of the characteristics of the deliberate hoaxes and reports of
psychopathological cases; this exception is that it was made by an Air
Force officer, a pilot who presumably should be a most competent observer.

On the basis of the evidence in the folder I can only offer conjec-
tures regarding the nature of this incident. These conjectures may be
helpful, however, in the collection of additional evidence.

First, there is always the possibility of a deliberate hoax, even
in an Air Force officer.-“In order to check on this possibility, I would
recommend a discrete investigation of the officer's personal background—
the kind of investigation that is conducted before granting a security
clearance. Specifically, do friends, neighbors, etc., know of any evi-

dence in the officer's background that would suggest the possibility of
a hoax?

Second, and what I consider the most likely conjecture, it is possible
that the officer was suffering from a temporary condition such as has some-
times been called "road hypnosis," brought on by excessive fatigue and
loss of sleep. There are well documented cases of truck drivers, for

example, who have driven off the road in order to avoid (entirely imagined)

hous2s, busses, etc., ahead of them on the road. This is most likely to
occur on long desert roads, especially at night.

(Note: Dr. Ross McFarland, School of Public Health, Harvard Univer-
sity should be consulted on this point. He has made studies of road
hypnosis. He has also served with me on an Air Force Scientific Advisory
Board study group and is an authority in aviation psychology.)

Tt recommend that a complete hour-by-hour analysis be made of Lt.
Long's activities during the 72-hour period preceding the reported sight-
ing. Was he subjected to unusual physical or psychological stresses

during the latter phases of the survival course? Exactly how much sleep

had he had during this 72-hour period? Had he been taking any drugs,
stimulants or alcohol during the night's drive.

SQ. ny

If so, what and how much?

< ee = so

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| 3 =e }
Mr. Howard Cross - page Ui Wubi Tae 3 April 1958

(Note: This investigation should be made through an interview with

Lt. Long by a competent Flight Surgeon, and by means of a check-up with
Survival Course personnel at Stead AF Base.)

Third, there is a possibility that this may conform to the pattern
of many previous "flying saucer" reports. As I pointed out some nine
years ago in my first analysis, practically all reports are characterized
by complete lack of observation of specific details of the object observed.
(Where these details are observed, the object is always identified.) Note
here that the object itself was not clearly seen; it appeared to"...
glow brightly" and it ".. . emitted light." Also, the object and all ob-
served components (the "translucent dome" as well as the "hemispheral"
landing gears) of the object were without specific stucture. This appear-
ance of roundness, lack of clear corners, edges, structural detail, etc.,
usually occurs because the object is not seen clearly; the observer is
actually seeing a strong light reflected from a surface or actually a
light source, or else his eyes are out of focus, or else the object is
much farther away than assumed. Lt. Long's account is clearly inconsist-
ent with his statement that. he was within 50 feet of the object. At 50

feet he should have been able to observe small structural details, such
as antenna, trade name on the tires, etc.

If conjecture three should be true, I cannot speculate as to what

was actually seen. However, I do recomnend that a thorough check be made
for possible helicopter or other activities in the area.

I am at a loss to account for the high intensity noise together with
absence of heat, smoke, or gust effects. My only conjecture here is that

the objects may have been much farther away than assumed. Sound travels
farther than heat or air blast.

As to the"several small impressions" in the sand I shall leave it
to others to judge the importance of this evidence.

In summary, I strongly feel that this is just another case of mis-

Ken identity or confusion in perception under unusual circumstances.
This opinion, I must confess, is based primarily on comparison of this
with the thousands of previous reports. As I have pointed out before,
trom a scientific viewpoint, it is impossible to disprove in each case
that the thing observed was not a vehicle from outer space—it is not
possible to prove the null hypothesis. However, in view of the now
existing massive amount of negative data, my own inclination is to re-
main highly skeptical and certainly to take no action beyond that al-
ready underway in the absence of incontrovertible evidence of a positive
nature. JI do not consider the present evidence at all conclusive.

Sincerely,

Paul M. Fitts

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AIR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

WRIGH T-P ATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE
OHIO

SPCIN-4E4

SUBJECT: (C) Request for Special Investigation - Ist Lt Josepa F,
Long, A0-3028640

TO: District Commander
5th District Orfice of Special Investigations
ATTN: Lt Colonel P, M, Nold
Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

1. In accordance with prescribed directives of AFR 200-2, this
Center has recently completed an extensive investigation and analysis
of a UFO incident that allegedly took place near Tonopah, Nevada
early in the morning of 23 November 1957. (Uncl)

2. In brief, the incident involves subject officer who claims
to have made close contact with what is commonly referred to as
"Flying saucers," A formal investigation requested by this Center
disclosed that subject officer left immediately upon completing the
USAF Survival School at Stead AFB; traveled all night enroute to
Las Vegas, and encountered the alleged objects the following day,

In this respect, the case may be considered somewhat unprecedented:
the officer is a fighter pilot who is assumed to be familiar with
both current and projected aircraft, missile and helicopter designs,
as well as aerial phenomena that is often mistaken for unusual or
unconventional airborne objects, yet insisting in official testimony
to having made the contact in question, (Conf)

3. The matter has been completed within this Center's scope
of responsibility, which embraces only the technical and scientific
study and analyses of the incident, As such, it has not been resolved
to =ne satisfaction of the Air Force, This is concurred with by a
consultant, Dr, Fitts, President of the Department of Psychology,
Ohio State University, to which the case was referred for his review
and evaluation, Reference is made to pertinent material in attached
case file, Dr, Fitts has performed analyses, from the psychological
point of view, on a number of complex UFO cases for the Air Force. (Conf)

4, The case is now considered to fall within the requirements
for a special investigation, if it is to be carried to its ultimate
and logical conclusion, It is therefore requested that etion be
initiated to accomplish the following, specifically:

D
rage _/ of 2. Pagas
bass Cy then OF a2 GUS

ee ctl eins ee ee _ ae —

Ltr, Dist Comdr, 5th Dist OSI, Subj: (C) Req for Spl Investigations

a. A discreet investigation of the officer's background, with
emphasis on leads and indications that would suggest any tendency towards
exaggerations or possibility of a hoax.

b. An hour-by-hour accountability of the 72 hour period pre-
ceding the alleged sighting, with full consideration given to those
points. specifically recommended in Dr. Fitts’ report,

¢, Contact and coordination with both the Flight Surgeon and
pertinent authorities of the Survival School at Stead AFB, to determine
the nature of the course, its possible effects on trainees, and any
information regarding subject officer's conduct, performance and including

his physical and mental condition during and at the completion of this
rigid course, ( CONF )

5. This matter is considered urgent for the manifold reasons found
in the attached case file, and particularly if subject officer completes
his tour of duty, or otherwise severs his relations with the Air Force

teoue} investigations to determine the actual facts have been completed,
CONF

6, The case file should provide you with valuable guidance and
assistance in pursuance of this matter. (UNCL)

1 Inel JOHN G, ERIKSEN
UroO Case File - lst Lt Colonel, USAF
Long, Tonopah, Nevada Deputy Commander
13
2 pacar neey

Page 2 of 2 pages
Copy_/ of 3 copies

mai cea Ce AMET i ak Ph RS ws pe

2h April 1958

MEMORANDUM FOR Colonel Eriksen, AFCIN-4X1
Mr. Arcier

SUBJECT: Special Investigation - lst Lt J. F. Long, A0-30286h0

1. I do not feel that the proposed OSI investigation is necessary for the
following reasons:

a. If the OSI determines that the subject's background does not
suggest any tendencies toward exaggerations or hoaxes, our present conclusions
regarding the sighting are neither strengthened nor weakened.

b. If the OSI determines that the subject's background does contain
indication which would suggest a definite tendency toward exaggerations or hoexes,
ATIC is then bound to take some follow-up action. Such action would be detrimental
to the individual concerned, and would not positively disprove the alleged sight-
ing.

c. The final paragraph of the report by Dr. Fitts seems to me to be
an entirely acceptable conclusion in regard to this case. I recommend that this
conclusion be accepted and that the case be closed.

Ah Ad hod

Incl H. K. GILBERT
Ltr to Dist Cmdr, 5th Dist ore Colonel, USAF
of Special Investigation AFCIN-LE
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MEMORANDUM FOR FILE;

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SUBJECT: Final Disposition = UFU ‘Incident, Tonopah, Nevada, 23 Nov 57,
Source, lst Lt J. F,. Long, A0-7028640

le PURPOSE: This memorandum was prepared to summarize the details
of the background and events of subject incident;and to provide an

official record of the developments and reasons leading to the "closing"
of the Case,

2. GENERAL BACKGROUND AND PERTINENT EVENTS:

ae First report of incident was received by ATIC by priority(Plash) |

message, SWSIA=-11-517-57, T-57-51755. Telephonic request made to

Headquarters, AISS fora full-scale investigation because of the unusual
aspects and circumstances,

b. Results of AISS investigation received 22 January 1958 on
Air Intelligence Information Report = UPUB=-/79-57, Detachment 10, 1O06th

AISSe

c, A careful review and analysis of all information and data

from investigators reports resulted in advancing: the following probabili-
ties and/or hyvothe ses:

(1)

“~~

ww

Optical Illusion/Mistaken Identity:

Source was extremely fatigued; had just completed one

of the Air Force's most difficult courses, with its

known physical and mental demands; had travelled all
night with very little or no rest; and observed the
phenomena at a location, time and umler conditions known
to produce optical illusions or mistaking conventional
things and phenomena for unusual objects; flat desert
country, half-light of dawn, sun rising in fient of hin;
mentally and physically fatigued observer, his statement
to the contrary notwithstanding. (Interrogatiorm conducted
on similar-type cases invariably show that observers
always state that they "--felt fine - wide awake - not
tired -- ® when questioned as to their physical condition,
Under no circumstances will they admit otherwise,}

A Deliberate Hoaxt Justification for considering this
hypothesis is supported by the following facts, based on
tad investigations and carefully comlucted interrogations;

(a) Incident happened only a few days after the now-
famous “Levelland UFO Case” which trig:ered off over

400 almost similarly described UFO reports in three
weeks, A C3, \

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(3) Actual "Unknown" Craft:
prove

Except for the "contact" aspects, Lt Long's
description of the incident parallels the" Levelland
case,” Note: speeding 80 mph, ignition suddenly

stops, hears high=pitched whine, notices objects,
objects emit a luminous glow,

Familiar with science fiction, “flying saucer" and
“UFO" writers,

Mouthed same thread-worn statements used by
majority of pseudo-scientists and "flying saucer"
authors, i.e. not of this earth = propulsion by

electro-mazsnetic forces = believe they were space
ships.

Background checks disclosed source;

(1)
(2)

Da

A Reserve Officer ~- with prodability of release
upon termination of his current tour.

His academic training and education was to
prepare him for TV and related work,

(Comment: Source cannot be considered unaware
of the sensational interest and lucrative
opportunities his story would create in TV,

rodio ari press, See “Analysts comments’ ‘in’

case file regarding te motives for story,
i hoax.) kth

Although it cannot be conclusively
whe obj}ects observed were not some heretofore

"unknown" craft, the Dr lai tend to indicate otherwise;

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)

took place): and that no one reported anything

from either that specific place or any cart of
Arizona that aay)

Checks btaclodea UFOs or anything unusual reported
from any husdusee—of

space over the U.S. 24 hours a day for that date,
and dethitely not from that area,

radar units that scan the air

56 ~ hanlin

Highly im apr Sbable that three (reported) solid
objects

being picked upfyas current radar capabilities
extend up to 3V00 miles,

1d traverse. U.S. eir space without

No reports of enything unusual from military and

civil flights, operations, and other activities
in the area,

No reports from any persons or drivers in that area
and general time.

Department which stated that thore
traffic on U.S.highway 96 and 5

(Call made to Nevada State Hichway
is always some
\where the incident
unusual

Geet gree nar ee Ere 8 oe ee

d. Psychological Analysis of Incident:

(1)

(2)

(5)

(4)

(5)

Se

, } o i ou a, ~~ - - ®t te ov!
~ : nd nowime 4 { ad odes tery 1 7 -
sf a < vee. 7 “s

Undersiegned officer considered it to the best interests
of all concerned to have the entire incident, and the
results of the Air Force's investigations, analyses
and comments (up to that point) be reviewed and
evaluated from a psychological point of view = before

making any definite conclusions or recommending further
actions.

A vis-a-vis psychological examination of the source,
concurrent with his report was not considered sdvisable,

Dr. Paul M. Fitts, Department of Psychology, Ohio State
University was contacted and the case file turned over
to him for pertinent comments and recommendistions,

Dr. Fitts was selected for this review on the basis of
his ~emeeieews experience with UFO cases, having vreviously
performed 212 analyses of UFO ee for the Air Force,

.* ted

Summary of Dr. Fitts! Comments. and Recommendations:

(a) The report has many of the characteristics of
deliberate hoaxes and psgho-pathological CASES

(o>) There is complete lack of observation of specific
Getails - although observer states he was very

close to objects, and; ‘inconsistent wit his
statements,

fc) Most likely conjecture; road hypnosis due to
excessive fatigue and loss of sleep who imagine
seeing objects ahead of them. (Many well documented

casés, ana is most likely to occur on long desert
rosds, am especially at night.)

(ad) Conclusions; Mistaken identity or confusion in
perception3; present evidence not considered

conclusivezsand highly skeptical (of the actual
incident),

(e) Recommendations; An hour-by-hour investigation and

analysis of Lt Long's activities during the 72-hour
period preceding the reported sighting.

RECOMMENDED COURSES OF ACTTON, AND PUSSIBLE CO} ISEQUENCES Ol EACHS

orn F I 1475
Upon review of Dr, Fitts 7]

“4nformally outlined during a. conference/‘held with Dr. Miley, Chief,
Science Division, am Mr. ircier, Scientific Advisor, ATIC, (Ow

_——_—_———— —

report the following courses of action were
Air

PPT REAL
TIs3}y the possible consequences of) ime ‘specific action taken; #23 2 a

reconmendation that the case be reviewed by General Watson and his staff,
or Headquarters USAF for a command decision:

———$

a. A polygraph (lis
test would definitely establish if subject was lying or was disposed
towards exagreration or hoaxes, If br actually belisved he saw the three
strange objects (because of fatigue, road hypnosis, etc.) the case
would remain inconclusive, with the observer's story being strenpthened,

with the probability of anser and resentment towards the Air Force on
the part of subject,

be Mclose’ the case with the stronger of the two hypothesis
advanced independently by ATIC and Dr, Pitta as the"conclusion: Mistaken
identity caused by fatigue, road hypnosis, etc. (See 2c(1) ard 2a(5),
Consequences: Future reviewers <tstectitioss might consider the Air

Force's conclusions totally unacceptable, and question the reason for not
following-up = supportwof, the conclusions,

or disproy sh

Ceo nie st a discreet, fullescale OSI investigation of Lt Long's
actions, whereabouts, temencies, ard physical and mental condition ard
othsr aspects for the perlod preceding his sighting, to provide the Air
Force with further, factual or confirming information necessary to form
more valid conclusionse Consequences; (1) if the investigation Supports
the “fatigue-road hypnosis-obptical illusion” hypotheses, the officer
would proovably accept the findings, and the Alr Force cmclusions would
be strengthened, (2) If investigations disclose deliberate attempts
at hoaxes, exaggerations or publicity seeking for personal gain at a
later date, legal action against the officer might be necessary, with

probable adverse publicity to the Air Force, as well as an opportunity
for "UFO Clubs" desiring to exploit the situation,

4, SUMMARY OF INCIDENT FOR GENPRAL WATSCN AND DECISION:

ee ee ae eee

&. Based on conversations between Col Eriksen and Mr, Arcier, a
brief summary of the case was requested by Mr. Arcier to be submit ted to
General Watson a apie upon which to base a decision,

BOS na
b. » Summary was beviewed by Col Eriksen, Deputy Comrarnder, Bewho

General Watson's absence), directa OSI investigation. made.

Cs, Rough draft of 8st ae a investigation requested by
Mr. Arciess kbsurw
ha RoR

Gd. Draft for USI investigation reviewed’ and informally approved

by Col Eriksen on DD Form 95, 15 April 1958, with instructions to prepare
final letter. }

Cattacts b Jnck, L)
5. FINAL ACTION AND DISPOSITION:

a, Final letter to OSI for full-scale investigation submitted
through channels for coordination and final approval on 21 April 1958,

LA hs
be Non-concurrence to proposed OSI oles made by Col Gilbert,

with memorandum to Col Friksen outlining reasons for the nonconcurrence,
with recommerdations regarding disposition of case,

i ol bt Longe. Conseguencess |

Babe ee i i i b+
Cc. Discussions held between'Mr. Arcier ard Col Eriksen, and
subsequently with Col Gilbert regarding the matter on 25 April 1958
Ref DD-Porm—95,--attached-to ATIC letter to-oSt)-
i“
d.,Conferenceswith Dr. Miley and Capt Gregory, morning 1 May
1958, informally notified.that proposed investigation was given reconsid-

eration, and that the case he closed with ATIC and Dr, Fitts! original
corclusimms,. ss uta avis

e, USI letter, AFCIN=4E memorandum to Deputy Commander, and ND
Form 95 confirming item d. above, with added recommemation that an

official record be made of the matter f r possible future use, received
7 May 1958. (G2. 0D Fen a5, Prel. Q putt ct 1}

f, Case closed with copy of this memorandum inthe case file
in compliance with the reconmendation referenced in preceding item,

GEORGE T, GREGORY
Captain, USAF
Air Sciences Division

Reviewede

HEL Date 20 7Hay L788

AFCIN-=4E4

2. COLONEL H. K, GIIBERT Date_
| AFCIN-4E

Se MR. ARCIER {8212 Agee anaes ce en
APCIN-4X

DOWAIG EA I ¥ -.

iEMO ROUTING SLIP MO CONCURRENCES, OR SIMILAR ACTIONS

—_-———oooOeCo

} MAME oR TITLE . IMTLALS CIRCULATE
/ Mr, Arcier
ORGANI LATION AND LOCATION | OATE COORUIMATION
AFCIN 4X1
2 ij y re
Gen—Watson . *

| ‘] insommanion
AF CIN-4

—

NECESSARY
ACTION

NOTE ANO
RETURA

—_—-

Skz ME

SIGNATURE

Mr. Arcier: In accordance with your instructions
re, the proper presentation of this case to Gen>-Watsq

.
FoF
a Oe Ae

a. A summary of the case is attached, indicating
only those points deemed pertinent.

b. A "Draft'' of a formal request to the OSI for
a full-scale investigation. As recommended by you we
will get more immediate action if Gen. Watson would
personally sign the request.

FROM NAME Of TITLE

Capt. Gregory

ORGANIZATION AND LOCATION

44

FORM Replaces DA AGO Form 8, b Ape Mand APFHQ Ch -Ih-O—~ 0s)
i) TFES $0 SC Forms 12 10 Now 47, which may be ced

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“

SUMMARY OF TONOPAH, NEVADA UrO INCIDENT
FOR GENERAL WATSON

1. Priority report received on 24 November 1957 that an Air Force
pilot had encountered four (4) so-called "flying saucers" early in the
morning of the preceding day, West of Tonopah, Nevada; had observed it
closely; in fact, approached within 50 feet of the object before it
ascended and disappeared.

2. Mumerous UFO reports from pilots and aircrews during the last
ten (10) years observed in the air, but no instance known of any
"“sontact" by otherwise qualified military personnel, Headquarters ADC
was requested to make immediate full-dressa investigation, sand report to
ATIC in detail,

3. A review and evaluation of this report indicated the following:

a. Officer had a background and studies in Speech, and
related subjects for TV work,

b, Was familiar with names of well-known science-fiction
and "flying saucer” writers,

ce. Advanced the same classic arguments of "saucer" believers
that the objects were space ships, i.ec,, did not resemble
any design known to him, etc.

a, He is a reserve officer, with the possibility that he may
complete his tour of duty with the Air Force in the very
near future, and would probably enter into TV work,

e. He just completed the very rigid USAP Survival Course at
Stead A¥ Base the day before; left immediately, and drove
all night enroute to Las Vegas.

4. Checks show no UFO's or any report of unusual objects from
radar, GOC, military and civil flight and other operations from that area,
No reports from any other persons in the locality.

5, ATIC evaluation: (2) Probably mistook conventional objects
because of fatigue from driving all night and the mental strain from the
recently completed survival course, coupled with the half-light of dawn
which often play weird tricks on the eyes, or (b) a deliberate hoax,

4)i)\\

Summary of Tonopah, Nevada UFO Incident For General Watson (Continued)

6, In either event, the conclusions were considered satisfactory.

7. The case file data was submitted to a well-known paychologist
wno had previous uated UFO sightings. His comments paralleled those
of ATIC, but with*Tecommendations that the officer be discreetly investi-

gated with view of obtaining certain pertinent information to resolve
the case,~This would require the services of the OSI,

8, The damage and embarrassment to the Air Force would be
incalculable, if, this officer allied himself with the host of "flying
saucer" writers, experts, and others who barrage the Air Force with
countless charges and accusations, In this instance, as matters now

stand, the Air Force would have no effective rebuttal, or evidence to
disprove any unfounded charges,

ya
RFS16 2
SOBS24 rYougantage
MM RJEDSO 1
DE RJWPNL 2 ae
M 24233072 -

FM COMDR STEAD AFB NEV

TO COMDR ATIC WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB OHIO

BT
UNCLAS FROM T 18/58

YOUR MESSAGE AFCIN-4E4, iLT JOSEPH F LONG AO 3228644 COMPLETED USAF
ADVANCED SURVIVAL TRAINING COURSE 22 NOVEMBER 1957. SUBJECT

OFFICER SIGNED OUT THIS STATION 9938 HOURS 22 NOVEMBER 1957

BT
» 25/995392 JAN RJWPNL

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({ ise

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<>. SUPPLEMENT TO AF FORM 112
ORIGINATING AGENCY Da TRE ; REPORT OL : . ; me )

| 0 AISS-UFOB=779=57 3 |
Detachment 10, 1006th AISS . D1O-UFOB=$2=57 - PART ONE ys 1x ‘gnaw

. Address: 321st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, ADC
Paine Air Force Base

: I. SOURCE: Joseph F, Long, 1s6.Lt, USAP, AO 3028640
| Everett, Washington

ie SOURCE will be at above address after 18 Jan 58, He is presently
{on delay enroute status during a permanent change of station from Neweastla i
| County Airport, ‘iilmington, Del, where his former unit, the 97th Fighter

Interceptor Sq, was de-activated.)
Aza: 2),

Cccunvation: lst Lt, USAP, Interceptor Pilot

Education: 8 Yrs grade oh yrs high school, 4 yrs
college including ROTC, SOURCE studied aneect’ and related subject# for 3ud=

sequent work at TY ‘station or the like, scalps

eet ert

meee ai
ate’

Qualifications: All-weather instrument school, flying
training, qualified in F=3h and T~33,

If, RELIABILITY: SCURCE appeared intelligsnt, and he was friendly and
cooperative, Initially he apreared somewhat nervous, but it is believed
Shat this was due to his uncertainty as to how his information would be ree
esived, when it became apparsnt to him *hat the interviewer received his
information with unbiased interest, his nervousness left him, and he presented
his account of the incident without hesitation, He answered all follow-up
questions willingly, One minor inconsistency occurs in ths report: SOURCE
draw a sketch of the top view of one of the objects. While he probably
meant-this to ba a top view of the oodjects as he imagined it (never actually
having seen the objects from the top), it would seem more logical had he.

. drawn a bottom view, since he did see the objects passing almost’ directly
avove him (50 ft). During the latter part of the interview, while working
on SCURCE'’s narrative descrintion of the incident, his commanding officer and
his adjutant were present in the room. Both spoke favorably of SOURCE's
ability as a fighter pilot and of his character, His C.0, passed remarks .

| to the effect that he, for one, believed SOURCE, although he himself? had
never made any UFCS sightings, ; |

a III, SOURCE!*s. DESCRIPTION OF SIGHTING: SOURCE was returning to Newcastle
| County Airport, Del, after completion of USAF Advanced Survival School, Stead

APB, Nev, on 23 Nov 57 in his automobile, At about 0630 he was approximately:

| thirty (30) miles west of TONOPAH, Nev., traveling towards LAS VECA3, Nev,

j at about eighty (SO) mpaoy when the engine of his car suddenly stopped, Attemnt:

to reestart the engine were unsuccessful, and SCURCE zot out of his car to

investigate the troudle. Outside the car he heard a steady high-pitched

whining noise which drew his attention to four (4) disceshaped objects that

vere sitting on the ground about 300 ~ 400 yards to the right of the highway.

These objects were totally unlike anything he had ever seen, and he attemptad

to get closer for a better look at them. He walked for several minutes until

he was to within approximately fifty (50) feet from the nearest objact,.- The

objects appeared identical and about fifty (50) feet in diameter, They were

| digeeshared » emitting their om source of liczht whieh caused them to glow —

brightly, They were squioped with a transluscent dome in the center of the

“op which was obviously not of the same material as the rest of the craft,

The entirs cody of the objects emitted the livzht, they did not seem to be

dark on the underside, They were equipped with three (3) landing zears aach

eee ee ee ee ee ee

WARNING: Thia document contains ialormation adectiné the national delanse of the United States within the meaning of che
Espionage Laws, Tithe 18, U3. C., Sections 793 and 794. Ite transmission or the revelatcan of (ts contentain eny manner ‘oan

urauthorired person is prohidsted sy law. If may nor he reproduced in whole or in part, by other than United Seates Air Force
Agencies, excant by permismon of he Director of Inteiiisance, USAP

+ the cae .

—~ —-— e - —-

Naan roegs ¢ PUPLACES AF FORM U2sPAaAT Lf JOM ws,
NT nets» | | 2a WHICH MAY BE CSED. 2.6. Sg

WU) Dim aco.)

(SECURITY INFORMATION when 4Siled in)
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U | Vibes FE ED [SECURITY INFORMATION when Aliad iny : +i . ato 5
see 8 aos SURPLEMENT TO AF FORM 112 | Boake
ORIGINATING MENCY Po tae cannons = Grice
*: AISS—UFOB=779+57 WEE LY
Detachment 19, 1L006+h: AIss’. DIO-UFOB-2-57 ° PART ONE: RES

within fifty (50) Peet of the nearest object, the hum, which had been”

- ~ ee See ewe +

_— = ~~ oe wee

*

TY

that apveared: hemispherical in ‘shape » about two.(2) feet in dianeterwnes
some dark material, SCURCE estimated the height of the odjects from ground
levsl to the top ofithe dome to be about ten (10) to fifteen (15) Peete. te
The objects were equipped with a:ring around the outside that was da e 4c
than the rest of the craft and was apparently rotating. When SOURCE Capt Ye? rt

the air evsr since he first observed the objects, increased in piterta: a ocd
is where it almost hurt his oars, and the objects lifted off gps ro ae

to the aoe * across the highway, contoured over some small hills auger os | S
a half (4) mile away, and disappeared behind those hills, As the onsegha: 3
eassed directly over SCURCE, he observsd no evidence of any smoke, axhanst:} 4
trail, heat, disturbance to the ground or terrain, or any visible oustines’ RFE:
of Janding gear doors, or any other ontlines or openings on the bot tag SO: ee
Ths total time of sighting lasted about twenty (20) minutes, After the: ob-
Jaets disapveared, SOURCE examined the place where he had first seen
the ground, Thre was no evidence that any heat had been present, Bir x
the ground had been disturbed in any other way other than several very smal age
impressions in the sand where the landing gears had obviously restedex: The: we:
impressions were very shallow and bowl-shaped, triangular in patternfant an”
“qually sided triangle). SOURCE did not measure the distance between “thi
impresetons, but estimated it to be about eight (3) to ten (10) feovaia at :
nis investization of the impressions, SOURCE retumed to his car, as
engine started immediately and ran perfectly, The car SOURCE was d= ¥
was a 1956 Chevrolet, and he had not experienced a trouble of similarshatis®
bafore or after the incident, At the time of sighting, SOURCE had srhvoie
from RENO, Nev, to the point of sighting during the night and had 3s! si eee
for about two (2) hours. in his car between 2400 hrs and 0200 hrs thatier en
3ame day, SOURCE had had no intoxicants or any sleep=retarding dmz hag
deseribed his physical condition at time of sighting as excellisnt, afte ?
sighnting, SOURCE proceeded to INDIAN SPRINGS AFB, Nev., where he re:
sighting to the Base Security Officer, = ge |

The times of day referred to above are given in Pacific standay ig ‘seach

At time of sighting it was daylight, but the sun was still behind tii pth 8
The stm. was about to rise in. front of SOURCE, There were no stars asic
Thers was no overcast, The weather was dry, rather cold, and theres
wind, There wers no other witnesses to the observation to the bestix ae
xnowledgs, a hae

5 Tnels:
1, SOURCE*s sketch of UFOB.
2, SOURCE*s sketch of UFOS arrangement
3, SOQURCS*’s sketch of UFOB motion
4, SOURCE*s aky diagram
5, SOURCE's sketch of UFCB elevation

et he,

5 AO
ah ab f\ SA The | Ly
j Lui 44 fo 7448 a
Jb dant ow
VARNING: Thi fe document contains jdRicontteie ‘Siedbiia the national dalense of the United States withis the ‘ainasey
Raper Laws, Title 19, U.S. C., Sections 793 and 794. Its transmission of the cevaiation of its coctenterm
nauthorized person is prohibited ae jaw. It may noe be reproduced in whole or in part, by other than Unites

ihaivaien, except by peemiamon of the Director of Iatallisence, /SAP

roe | | ). REPLACES AF POS "12-PART ILS fo Mm CLAOSIFICATION
“y i .“* Za

WHICH MAY HE LSFD ry
i 2,
~~

(‘Sz Se ae coos watch

U.S. GOVERNMENT PINNTING COPIES paste

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“SECURITY INFORMA TICN whew filled in)

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RET aati Zap ye Ba ee SUPPLEMENT: TO AF FORM 112" oe
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“Comments. OF PREPARINO oPFICERs |
“ie: am hie p Py eh > Po

S37 Be. “Cénaddering: the: Renatlent vaabher conditions and the circumstances,

aurrounding: ths. sighting as well as the physical. phenomena involved, SCURCS
soncluded that the obdjects were "not of thia Earth", Hs shared with his ©.0.

ths opinion that in-all of the expanses of the universe it is possible that

_ other forma--of intellizence -exist and that they may be well advanced in tech-

nology beyond human comprehension. He assumed further that such intelligent
beings: would. attsmpt to avoid human contact for-perhans a mltitude of reasons,
SOURCE conoluded further that the objects could not haves deen any of the fol=
lowing- for reasons comes if below:

ed He exater: Shat they Rear e: not havs been any known or common
aerial vehicles. (dirigibles, balloons, aircraft, helicopters, missiles,
ato.) »recause. he saw the objects clearly and is familiar with airfromes of
Ris sorte. fy ah

et, De He did not believe that they wers U.S, er, «oD models
beacause hs donbted. that flight tests would be conducted with four (4) proto
Sypesaat a time and in uncontrolled arsas such as the- vicinity in which ths
sighting was made, Hs rulsd out the possibility of a forced landing of
such experimental modela. because their movemen’ indicated that they could
maneuver and could have landed just as easily. 2% a spo% not visible from the
roaAde .

_—
Co SOaCSE. ruled ont the possibility thas the odjeets belonzed to

another “arth power attemoting to spy on the UoS- dy means of. these vehicles

dune to the fact that there was nothing- {mportant to gain from an investigation.
as the docas ton of se sightings ;

— - «

— - ders squRCE: did not belisve that they were experimental models of ..}
a-foret an" Dation because nopne would want to take a chancs on an-sxperizental “{ *.
‘model. of such>-revolutionary design and propulsion crashing where it might
reveal aL OF ‘these: advances: BS. sedges: poMsye a eke

7 re

*“% p oie? 5am ae

. . “a _- ~

ie also. pone that ‘abionpins eicaae country to conceal. any="
Saing as. cone bake bnies” as ‘this for a9 many years nes since UFOB’ sightings aie
b eigiais yopie. eg Amenocessfuls.; _ Something is: bound to leak out," 3 Pty eer PR ote

Fae ot
+

; a
, ote.

a “he Mh fe. ‘s@uRcs ‘aia net beltove that the Odjects were. freak reflsctions; =
in the: ain pacanss: they: eae left $ yions.{n the dessrt sands _

To vom OES I ale Pe Nk 6 <Asemecgeusrese

= *, .
.

aX +.

’ - ;
a ee

= ‘ Yan
. @0, fo,

| “gee : 3a ruled out “pieliteroestatioe of other weather phenomena
Decanse Wigee re: light, and visibility: were excellent at time of sighting.

ie SOURCS stated that the only physical evidences other than ths.
noted impressions ia the sand and ths whining noise was thse. fact that nis
automobils engine had stconed complatelys- (He fatled to check his lizhtas
or horn)... Ha: assumed that this was due to slectro-ragnetic forces which might
v4: the means of propulsion for ths odjects.. "That alone mkxkes: ms believe
shat. they wers ccace shins,. because we wonlé hays some hint if va were able”
to do auch a thinge"

shecame te) "

ss cersain amount of hesitancy onthe pars of SOURCE had to de overcome by . 4
as Snveettantor bo extract SOURCE's rsasoning indicated above, ) a

, \ tod poe ais x Pen} 4 AQSIFIEDS,

— —<. —_— ———

WWARAING: This document containga information adecting the rational defenses of the United States within the meaning of the
Lsprenade Laws, Tithe 13, U.S. C., Sections 773 and 774, [ts transmission of the revelation of its contentsinany manner toen

Woautaeorised zervon ia prohidited by law. It may not 5e reproduced in whole of in part, dy other than United Statas Air Force
i Jencies, ercent by-permnission of the Director of [nteilidance, USA

|? REPLACES §F Oem li2-PaaTt THT uy, CLASSI CATION
a weich “MAY TE USED.

(SECURITY INFORMATION when Allad in)
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i ver 42

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SUPPLEMENT TO AF FORM N2

—— eel ee — —

—_—— owe oe

ORIGINATING AGENCY | REPORT NO.

Detachment 10, 1006th A188 ‘| Mo-uroma-s? 57 S 12° oF 12 Paes

_ - ee ee eee — —— —-

COMMENTS OF PREPARING parabahe tie

ls “Considering the pipet ibat weather conditions and the circumstances
surrounding the sighting as well as the physical phenomena involved, SOURCE
Concluded that the objects were "not of this Earth". He shared with his C.0.
the opinion that in all of the expanse of the universe it is possible that
other forme of intelligences exist and that they may be well advanced in tech-
nology beyond human comprehension, He aseumed further that such intelligent
beings would attempt to avoid human contact for perhaps a mltitude of reasons,
SOURCE concluded further that the objects could not have been any of the fol~«
lowing for reasons indicated below:

oo ao He stated that they could not have been any known or common
aerial vehicles (dirigibles, balloons, aircraft, helicopters, missiles,

etc.) because he saw the objects clearly and is familiar with airframes of
this sort.

a Do He did not beliewe that they were U.S. experimental models
because he doubted that flight tests would be conducted with four (4) proto
typesiat a time and in uncontrolled areas such ae the vicinity in which the
sighting wae made, He ruled out the possibility of a forced landing of
such experimentsl models because their movement indicated that they could
maneuver and could have landed just as easily at a spot not visible from the
road.

a
¢. SOURCE ruled out the possibility that the objeets belonged to
another Barth power attempting to spy on the U.S. by means of these vehicles

due to the fact that there was nothing important to gain from an investigation
at the location of the sighting.

— a4. ‘SOURCE did not believe that they were experimentel models of
a foreign nation because nopus would want to take a chance on an experimental
model of such revolutionary design and propulsion crashing where it might
reveal all of these advances to another power,

@. He also concluded that attempts by any country to conceal any-
thing as revolutionary as this for so many years (“ever since UFOB sightings
began") would be unsuccessful, "Something ie bound to leak out,"

ff. SQRCE did not believe that the objects were freak reflections
in the air because they had left slight impressions in the desert sand.
err ee

@o He ruled out mieinterpretation of other weather phenomena
because weather, light, and visibility were excellent at time of sighting.

bh. SOURCE stated that the only physical evidence other than the
noted impressions in the sand and the whining noise was the fact that his
antomobile engine had stcpped completely. (He failed to check his lights
or horn), He assumed that this was due to electro-magnetic forces which might
ve the means of propulsion for the objects. "That alone makes me believe
that they were space ships, because we would hove some hint if we were able
to do such a thing."

(A certain amount of hesitancy on the part of SOURCE had to be overcome : te
ye investigator to extract SOURCE's reasoning indicated above, )

BOK *

AF (Serett2a Men —_—  «

but TELS AINGLASSIFIED

DOD, Dik sdenre — oo
WARNING: This document conteins FF NE affecting the nntienal defense of the United Staten within the meaning of the
Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S. C., Sectéens 793 and 794. Its transmission of the revelation of its contentsin any manner to an
unauthorized person is prohibited ‘by law. Jit may not be reproduced in whole of in part, by other than United States Air Force
Agencies, except by permission of the Director of Intelligence, USAF

(SECURITY INFORMATION when Alled in)
U © GOVERNMENT PRINTING CFYICE (8% «=3-C Wem ee |

eee es

ll February 1958

UFO. Case File - Incident, 23 Nov 57 - Tonopah, Nevada
Principal - lst Lt Joseph F. Long - AO 3028640

Analyst's Comments Regarding Possible Reasons for Source Manufacturing
Story (Ref 1B*, p. 12, of IR)

l. Officer has reserve status. Will be eligible for discharge in
near future.

2. His academic training and education appears to be speech, dramatics,
etc. for TV work.

: 3. It is assumed that upon completion of his prescribed "Reserve Tour”
he will associate himself with TV work - either as a writer, editor,
commentator, etc.

4, If he has kept his thumb on TV's pulse, he knows the great public

interest in "flying saucers" and "UFOs" - and the number of TV presentations
on this subject.

5. Interrogation brought out that he is familiar with names of
prominent "saucer" and science fiction writers, authors which the average
reader would not know. The arguments that source gave on page 11 of IR
are almost word for word argument given by a number of these authors re-

garding "flying saucers" or their attempts to prove that they are not
earth-made vehicles.

6. SOURCE is therefore not considered to be unaware of the lucrative
opportunity and the sensational interest in his suddenly appearing on a
TV presentation as a commentator or observer (a la Kenneth Arnold), as a
writer of a "flying saucer" eye-witness first person story, or as guest
lecturer or star for Keyhoe, Davidson's or other TV programs. He cannot
be totally unaware that there would be no better way to enter his chosen
civilian profession than with the dramatic announcement that he is the only
unimpeachable, completely reliable person, a qualified observer, an Air
Force pilot, to have seen and made an actually near contact with flying.
saucers = recently discharged from the service, et. etc.---"

7. Therefore there may be other motives for SOURCE manufectiiring such |
a story, >ut on the basis of the above known facts, this is one motive ‘that’
cannot be disregarded. Investigators broke a cardinal rule in handling this
case (see page 10, of IR): although they went to great length and pains to
interrogate source and obtain detailed statements and opinions, not a single
check was made of all local facilities to determine if any aircraft or
operations were in the area at that time, as prescribed by par 5, AFR 200-2.

Goaye The

a est the Vf
a: cay 8 Captain, USAF
reat me 4 February 1958

-
oe a ae re ee ee ab ee ee

se

‘ ae al |
Ss |
Reguest Lor Psycnological Analysis «= Uro
Silamnting by USAF PLllot
Witt? TO ih) wy . ~
At t Tij#43 At w i. Neth Capt Lz recory/OTG

ATTNs Ur. Whltecher

le Request that a review and analysis,from tho osychological point |
or vlew, Se made of Ui'O data and statements attacned herewith, It is
desired chat this bs peerage throush the established ra. the ae>
of Project Stork, and a report of the results be rtorwarded to this
orfice as expeditiously as possibile,

2e it is stronziy recomended trat Dr, raul MM. Fitts, Department of
Psycnolozy of Ohio State University, perform the rogul read review and
analysis, Ur. Fritts has wide experience in this particular risild,

having, performed 212 psycholo.ical analyses of Ulu sightings, a3 well
ns having prepared a speclal report on the subject for the Alr Force,

Ge or the sake of expediency, and in accordance with your sus, 6se
tions informally discusseca botween your office and Caz ‘tain GPE SOLy »
it is recommended that the attached letter of request to tr, Fitts

be handecarried to Project Stork during the courler puns to Columbus,
Ohio

4, Funding for the croposed consultation services shall be obtained
from Contract No, FCS 25, and it ts not contemvslated that the contract
services will exceed eizsht hours of work,

5. The matter willl require discreet hundling. ‘ihe Pract that an
fir Fores vilot insisting and officially testifying that he walked uo
to, and spaeryed Pour flylng-saucers”® at closeshanc; following
{mediately on the heels of a nationewide TV presentation to the effect
that aiter ‘A Aeosae of searchin.:, the Air Force has yet to prove th
existence of one, wwonld, if unvittingsly released to the press or nublic,
umMoubtedly result in immed Late and violent repercussions to the en-
barrassment of the Alr Force, It is ror this reason that all avenues
and aspects be explored, before such drastic measures as 1 lieedetector
test 09 given cons Wderation,

A owe = h ld et

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.

Request for Psychological Analysis - Uro
Sighting by USAF Pilot
AVCIM-433 ArCTI 4s _ & February 53
ATTN: li. Whitecher bih/Capt G.T. Cregory/wm

69215

1. Request that a review and analysis, from the psychological point of
view, be made of UFO data and statements attached herewith. It is desired that
fis be accomplished through the established facilities of Project White Stork,
end a report of the results be forwarded to this office as expeditiously as
poseidile.

2. It is strongly reccmmended that Ir. Paul M. ritts, Department of
Psychology of Ohio State University, perform the required review and analysis. Ir.
Pitts has wide experience in this particular field, having performed 212

psychological analyses of UFO sightings, as well as having prepared a special
report on the sudject for the Air Force.

3. For the sake of expediency, and in accordance with your suggestions
informally discussed between your office and Captain Gregory, it is recommended
that the attached letter of request to Ir. Fitta be hand-carried to Project White
Stork during the courier rims to Columbus, Onilo.

4, Fumding for the proposed consultatim services shall be obtained from
FCS tir. 25, and it is not contemplated that the contract vervices will exceed
eight hours of work.

5. The matter will require discreet handling.

1 Inel H. K. GILSERT
Ltr to Dr. Fitts Colonel, USA?
w/incl aa stated ATCO
in ltr
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Q <7 :
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mh 2 ot 3. Cys
. UNC Aoorir ty en Ct Sete 899
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