When Black Men Ruled the World

Welcome to the CLEG series when Black Man ruled the world. In this set of tapes, we shall reveal little known or acknowledged facts of history about Black people in ancient times. On the cover of its issue of January 28, Newsweek magazine, carried a painting of a young black couple flanking the biblical tree of life. The picture was captioned the search for Adam and Eve. Newsweek has revealed what many scientists and scholars now believe, that Africa was the birthplace of the human family, that the first members of what we now describe as a modern human race war black Africans, and that all human beings around the world share common roots in prehistoric Africa. In other words, we all stem from the same African family tree. For thousands of years, the only people on earth were Africans. They migrated throughout the great continent and made many discoveries along the way. They largely domesticated animals to cultivate crops and to build shelters for protection against the elements. They also organized themselves into families, clans and tribes. During what is called the Pleistocene Age, which ended about 10,000 years ago, the region which is now referred to as a Sahara had a climate much cooler and wetter than it is today. This part of Africa was covered with grasslands and forests, as well as the number of lakes and streams. Elephants, giraffes and other animals, roam the land which was also populated by a highly advanced black people whose prehistoric rock paintings still visible today provide a clear image of life during that time. By 7,000 BC, the once fertile region which we call the Sahara had dried up. At most black people who lived there migrated toward the upper regions of the Nile Valley in the interior of Africa. Other people also fleeing the spreading desert, traveled further south or headed northward in the direction of the Mediterranean Sea. Part one of our series begins with the people who settled along the Nile Valley. As we shall see, the Nile River extends over 4,000 miles from its beginning near the heart of the African continent northward to the Mediterranean Sea. The southernmost portions of the Nile which are closest to its origins are called the Upper Nile. While the northern reaches of the River near the Mediterranean Sea are called the Nore Nile. The entire length of the Nile River extends through the continent of Africa. In other words, no portion of this great river crosses Europe, Asia or any other land mass. All of the great civilizations that spring from the Nile were also located on the continent of Africa. The saga you were about to witness will take you back to the ancient Nile to Nubia and Egypt, the first great nations on earth. It is a summary of that faraway now almost forgotten golden age in the history of black people. It was a time when black barrels and queens didn't even rule the civilized world of their day and the achievements of these ancient people have added an important impact on modern society. That's now turned to part one of the Cleg series, Egypt during the Golden Age. On Nile River rising out of the interior of Africa, rushes down the mountains on its journey to the Mediterranean Sea. On its way it carries precious fertile earth which it deposits on its banks. For few miles on each side of the Nile there is a green belt that quickly melts into the surrounding desert. About 10,000 years ago people began migrating toward the Nile and ultimately drifting into and settling its fruitful plane. It was a major and proud people who had built a great civilization who had created an empire that would extend into the interior of Africa. In both Asia Minor, embraced the Middle East and influenced the entire Mediterranean world. These ancient people would build monuments of great magnitude and splendor. Monuments that would be the envy of the ancient world. The monuments that would serve as the blueprint and foundation for modern civilization. They also invented law and mathematics, science, writing, music and agriculture. Who were these people? Where did they come from? Strong evidence indicates that they came from the south, from a country through which the Nile flows. From the land of Nubia or what we call the northern Sudan in Africa. It was only natural for ancient explorers to follow the Nile river in order to find where it was going and in doing that to settle along its banks and to ultimately found a great and thriving civilization. The Nubians of Antiquity stated that Egypt was a colony of their land and that the Egyptians derived their laws and customs from their Nubian cousins to the south. A number of scholars hold this opinion today. The pharaohs of the civilization that later came to characterize ancient Egypt had already existed in what we call the, for at least 300 years before the first dynasty. Now, as far as I'm concerned, Egypt and Nubia were part of the same corporate complex. There were no essential cultural linguistic ethnic or racial difference between them. The differences, such as they were, were in the matter of regional differences, much as the difference you might find in England between St. Englishmen and Ewhelchman. In the Central Europe, it can determine an Austrian and Italy between an Italian, for example, as a Sicilian. Even though these are regional variations, if you will, they still belong to the same general civilization complex, so did Egypt and Nubia and the Egyptians themselves. So they themselves knew that their civilization derived from the southern part of their, excuse me, south of their borders and then knew that it derived from what we call Nubia or Ethiopia. So civilization itself decends a novel from the North Africa. If you will, it crystallizes in Nubia and then reaches as high as in the final form in the land called Cameron for ancient Egypt over a period of 4,000 years of Egyptian unbroken Egyptian civilization. Modern evidence appears to confirm the tradition that civilization traveled northward from Nubia into Egypt. Skulls and skeletons on earth in Nubia and Egypt are of the same or similar, African racial type, some of the most ancient paintings and drawings of Nubians and Egyptians also depict them as distinctly African people. As Dr. Finch has noted, Egypt's general political structure and divine kingship, the period of in-modal after the Tussetting dynasty of Nubia that preceded the Dijup by over 200 years. In other words, there were Pharaoh's ruling Nubia long before Egypt became a nation. Some scientists insist that pyramid building also began in Nubia and was refined and perfected after the Nubians moved northward and settled in Egypt. Even mumplication appears to have started in Nubia and to have spread northward into Egypt, over 500 years after it was invented. Nubia was also considered the land of the gods and the spiritual home of the Egyptian people. Perhaps that is why the chief Bonepas and gods and goddesses of Egypt, such as Ossaris and ISIS, were depicted as blacks. Finally, during all of her periods of a people, chaos and foreign invasions, Egypt was rescued and reunited by powerful black men from Nubian south. This was true of the mental hotels in the Nubian kingdom. It was true of almost the first in the Nubian kingdom and it was true of the Ankeh and the Harka during the 25th dynasty. Although not all scientists and scholars agree, the weight of evidence certainly points toward a black origin of Egyptian civilization. In time, of course, Asians and European settled lower Egypt near the Mediterranean Sea and ultimately intermingled with the native black population. Nevertheless, Egypt's cultural, physical, and spiritual legacy was cheaply derived from the black Nubian south. This note out explains why in later years the visiting Hebrew, Greeks, Romans and others, described the ancient Egyptians as black skinned with close-cruled hair. The distinguished writer, Dr. W. B. Du Bois captured the opinions of the ancients when he wrote, we conclude therefore that the Egyptians were negroid and not only that, but by tradition they believed themselves descended, not from the whites or the yellows but from the black people of the south. Then they traced their origin and toward the south in earlier days they turned the faces of their buried corpses. Du Bois might also have added that the Egyptians themselves called their country Kimment which many scholars interpret as, land of the blacks. Now that we've learned about the origin of these ancient people, let us see how Egypt became a great African nation. Because of the surrounding desert, Egypt was shielded from invasion for thousands of years. During that time, various people who occupied the Nile Valley began working together. The Nile over-floated banks every year, controlling the river was important if the people wanted to grow food successfully. The Egyptians first formed villages that cooperated with each other. Cooperation led to organization and organization led to the building of a great nation. A little over 5,000 years ago, another important step took place. At that time, the nation was divided into two lands, upper and lower Egypt. A black manned normal, united the two lands into one. This followed a war in which farmers troops defeated Asian immigrants who had settled in nor Egypt. Norma became the first Pharaoh or King of Egypt, following the great kings of Tassetti in Newbia. This Pharaoh began the rule of what is called the dynasty, which is a line of kings and queens of the same family. Norma had a glorious reign of 62 years. One of his greatest achievements was diverting the Nile river and creating the Delta where he built the city of Memphis. This was the beginning of Egypt's golden age. Little is known of the Pharaohs who followed Norma during the first and second dynasties. Some of them such as King Kassakam and King Bahá'an in Eter, a putry had been stern and powerful men. During the reigns of these Pharaohs, Egyptian society evolved into classes. First, there were the peasants or laborers. Then came the builders, artists, jewelers and other skilled workers. After them were the warriors, priests and officials. Finally, there was the Pharaoh or King. The women of Egypt were also an integral part of the society. Many of them engaged in the same labor that men did and they had equal opportunity to own, manage and receive property. There were also many prominent women in Egypt, each of them, some of whom rained during the golden age. Women in particular, you have a woman whose name is Hector Ferris. She is the great royal wife of Snepero, who commissioned three massive pyramids and the mother of Kufel, but in the sixth dynasty at the end of the sixth dynasty, you have a woman known as Knightacris. She is spoken to us specifically by her audits as being a Pharaoh and also the first new commission to the third of the great period projects at Giza. She is called the loveliest and fairest woman of her time. The most renowned Egyptian women ruled during the middle and new kingdoms. A few were even as powerful as the great Pharaohs themselves. Other women were content to exercise their influence behind the throne. Let us move ahead now to the third dynasty. By this time Egypt was well on its way to be coming the extraordinary nation it was destined to be. Many of its achievements were staggering. For example, in Hothep, the brilliant philosopher architect and scientist also became the true father of medicine. Through his influence, the Egyptians developed antiseptics, vaccinations that advanced surgical techniques and they found cures for numerous diseases. In short, the Egyptians laid the foundation for modern medical science. Scientists have been medicine begins in HNG Egypt that is to say we look at the Edwin Smith's surgical pyre as I call a founding document of scientific medicine anywhere in the world. From the point of view of the sciences that we call the discipline of medical science that is an enemy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology. Those who organize as coherent scientific disciplines first in HNG Egypt, the first medical schools were built in the erected in HNG Egypt. The first organized system of instruction and of teaching were first established in HNG Egypt. The first surgery, the first neurosurgery. The first investigations into cardiovascular physiology all this began in the ancient kingdom of the Nile in the northeast quadrant of Africa a six-dollar years ago. In fact, so well known with ancient Egypt's privacy in the area of medical science that the properties would have never had the audacity to have called himself the father of medicine because he knew that. He would have said as homework did that in medicine each of the leaves the rest of the world behind. That was accepted as a matter of fact, in the ancient world, throughout ancient Egypt's 4000 year history all of the ancient Greeks who made an name themselves in medicine started in Egypt. The Egyptians also now are peer to have developed their own legal system with scribes and judges, long before the nation of Greece which was once thought to have been the seat of Western law was born. Put as more, the Egyptians admitted the herodlyphic writing system, they produced the first clock and calendar and they introduced agricultural science to the ancient world. Above all else though, Egypt is known for its pyramids, the Buccafich were also constructed during the Golden Age. First, there was a step pyramid of secara built by in hotel during the third dynasty. This is the oldest, large stone structure in the world. Originally other buildings and courtyard were constructed near the step pyramid and this entire complex was enclosed by a wall 1500 feet long by 900 feet wide. Today however, the only prominent remaining structure is the step pyramid. King's never room of the fourth dynasty built the so-called Bint pyramid, several miles south of secara. This structure has no steps but is straight side except for a change of angle in the middle. Finally, there was the great pyramid built for the Pharaoh Kufu from the Greek-s called Kiaps, also during the fourth dynasty. The great pyramid, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world is indeed a magnificent monument to contemplate. Still standing today, it originally rose 481 feet and is estimated to have contained 2,300,000 blocks of stone. The area it covers is large enough to hold the cathedrals of Florence, Milan and St. Peter's in Rome as well as St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey in London. The great pyramid contains enough stone to construct 30 empire-state buildings. If all the stones in the pyramid were sought into blocks one foot on an edge and then were laid into end, they would stretch 2 thirds of the way around the globe at the equator. There are about 80 pyramids remaining in Egypt and 100 in Nubia, or what is today called the northern Sudan. Although scientists are not certain of the purpose of these ancient structures, it is widely believed that they serve as tombs from members of the Egyptian royal family. We have looked at the black origin of the ancient Egyptians and we've spoken of their major achievements. Now this turn to the Pharaohs who governed this great nation during the golden age. There are many rulers of the third dynasty, the most prominent of whom was so certain. During his reign of 19 years, Egypt's borders were extended into the interior of Africa. Copper mines were exploited in the Sinai. Extensive construction took place and the step pyramid was built. The fourth dynasty also brought forth a line of great black ferros, some of whose names we have mentioned. Sniffaroo was a distinguished ruler who successfully defeated the Nubians and Libyan's battle. He also constructed vessels nearly 170 feet long. He was a kind and jettle monarch. His successors were coolful during whose reign the great pyramid was built. The death-ray whose pyramid was erected north of Kitsa at Abarash, copper-ray, builder of the second great pyramid, and whose facial likenesses found in the mysterious sinks, and Mankindry, a just and forthright ruler who spiritual temperament prompted many to worship him as a god. The first four dynasties of ancient Egypt represented a time of unprecedented splendor and glory. It was the technological high point of the black race. The all kingdom is a great pyramid building age. It's an age of great stability in Egypt. A great internal construction projects. I think that when we look at the old kingdom once again, we're looking at the first positions, such as in Hotef. You're looking at the massive construction projects, you're looking at the internal stability, you look in the sixth dynasty when the period was still been constructed at the reign of Peppy the Seconds who reign for 94 years. Here's a man who was a young boy who was ten years old when he became the king of kinnomkimit, dies of age 104, and that tells us that these people knew a great deal about science, about medicine. The fifth and sixth dynasty still witnessed Egyptian supremacy in the ancient world, but a gradually client set in that would pick up momentum at the close of the period. The names and personalities of the fifth dynasty kings remain a mystery, because many have been were only known by their statues. Get it as clear that a number of these rulers were both efficient and adventurous. For example, they formed strong navies that brave the seas and spread Egyptian culture abroad. This is prompted many scholars to ask, during the course of their long history, did the ancient Egyptians sail to the new world before Columbus? The Egyptians had sturdy ships that may have made the journey, numerous apricoid sculptures suggest an ancient black presence in the new world. Even Mexican pyramids, higher gliffs and cultural artifacts provide strong evidence that the Egyptians sail to the Americas in ancient times. It's evident without going into a lot of scientific and technical detail that they had already knew that the earth was round. They knew that the earth was tilted on his axis. They knew that the earth revolved around the sun. They had already determined the length of the earth, the minute of the ark, the heavens of the movement of stars, so they had already learned how to determine the longitude and the longitude and the latitude. They would have had more than enough astronomical knowledge to navigate, almost anywhere in the world. They would have had crafts that is watercraft, see where the enough to make those voyages. I think voyages not only across the Atlantic, they crossed the Pacific to what we call the new world probably began in prehistoric times. So that America was a cross-world, cross-roads for the world long before there was a Columbia thousands of years before there was a Columbus. There's nothing inherently impossible in terms of their level of science and technology and astronomical knowledge that would prevent the ancient Egyptians from making such voyages. The Six Dynasty's spandepiriet of 155 years it marked the first time that large numbers of regional governors began to break away from the central rulership of the Therom to independently control their own territories. One of the most prominent ferrows of this period was Pepe the First, who failed internal stride and strengthened the monarchy. His son, happy the second, ruled Egypt for 94 years, the longest reign in world history. The death of Pepe the Second was followed by the decline of the Six Dynasty and the ultimate collapse of the old kingdom of Egypt. This then marked the end of 1,000 years of African splendor, the zenith of black civilizations, the world's first golden age. Let us now review how it all happened, how Egypt came to be a great African nation. First, black people from various parts of Africa migrated to the upper Nile. There they founded the nation of Nubia. Then the Nubians moved down the Nile valley and settled the land which was later to be called Egypt. They made many contributions to Egyptian civilization, including the divine kingship, humification, a strong spiritual heritage, and perhaps even pyramid building. In time, however, Egypt evolved into a separate and distinct nation in its own right. A nation that laid the foundation of world civilization, but most especially, a nation that provided the roots for black history and culture. Each of great and ancient legacy remains with us today. This architecture, this science, this agriculture, these harroglyphics, this legal system, these pyramids, these ferrows, and these queens, are the great heritage of black people everywhere and have influenced the evolution of civilization around the world. Although its golden age had passed away, black Egypt would indeed rise again, in the middle kingdom, in the new kingdom, during the 25th dynasty. The entire ancient world would marvel at the resilience and power of these magnificent people. As the distinguished author, floor Lugar, has written, the annals of all of the great nations of Asia Minor are full of them. The mosaic records are moved to them frequently, but while they describe as the most powerful, the most just and the most beautiful of the human race, they are constantly spoken of as black, and there seems to be no other conclusion to be drawn than that at that remote period of history, the leading race of the Western world was a black race. In subsequent episodes of the black series, we shall explore Egypt's middle kingdom and world empire, the role of black women in antiquity and black personalities of the Holy Bible. This concludes part one of the Glacieries Egypt during the Golden Age. Glacieries Egypt in the Middle Ages. This is a magic, Lady of Life. Here's the cry of the other love that's dotted and disciple Tetris Hue. Our land, Egypt, has been enraged and conquered by evil force. It is straw, how it is, and dissipate their tendance, and they build shrines to strange gods. Oh, divine eyes. Here. You are beloved daughters. Our mission is in the strength of ancient Egypt. May your daughters and your families share their families with the sons of our own sons. Welcome to part two of the Glacieries, the daughters of ISIS, Black women in antiquity. I am your host, Lagrange, Glac the Second. This video tape and booklet supplement part one of the series when Black men ruled the world Egypt during the Golden Age. In part one, we briefly considered the origin of the human family in Africa and then turned to the beginning of civilization, first in Newtia and then in Egypt. We dealt with Egyptian pyramids, how is it with the Griding, Medical Science, Literature, Law, Art, Architecture, Maritime Skills as well as the nation's political and social structure. We placed emphasis on the great fairs and the prominent role they played in world history. Part one was intended to introduce the concept of African or Black men as the fathers of human family and civilization. In part two, the daughters of ISIS, we brought in our focus to include Black women in antiquity. For the very first time on video tape, we present a comprehensive history of the Black woman in ancient times. We shall see her as the original mother, fertility idol, goddess, queen mother, and lady of denial. We shall very briefly trace her steps from prehistoric Africa into Europe. Western Asia, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, the Pacific Islands and even the early New World. Then we shall return to Africa where the record of Black female achievement is very profound and longstanding. This is a bold and dynamic venture made possible by the pioneering work of many distinguished scholars and scientists whose publications are cited in the booklet that accompanies this tape. To introduce the saga of Black women in world history, we first focus on ISIS and ancient and venerated deity, who for many people has come to represent the highest form of motherhood, beauty and virtue. To capture the essence of the ISIS tradition, we interviewed Renekal Rashidi, assistant editor of the Journal of African Civilizations, inside a replica of a hidden underground Egyptian tomb and Anita Red Terry, who is on the staff at Santa Monica Community College in studio. African name for ISIS is our set, spelled with the one who was vows in an AUS&T, the Egyptians for candidates, Axis Bowdoin, AST, and the name is fundamental, the name is profaniment to throw her with seems to suggest, now when we digress a moment, Jimmy will be seen ISIS, she's connected with the God, Assad, or O'Sighters, and it is said that over the first day, a loud voice called out into the world that the King of All has come. And that King was Assad, O'Sighters, and he was profanimate to the earth, and he contributed many, many great things, the development of agriculture, all the things we associate with early civilization. For the second day, his brother set was glory, and said, it's going to, and instead it's going to be a five-month-to-call in red. The set is just the opposite of O'Sighters, O'Sighters, and he is said according to, I think it's story by King Tarp, not even to a comfort with his mother's wounds, but to birth forth, but he's supposed to be first forth through her side, Tarin, and gave him wounds, and he is the Sox, and it is brother, O'Sighter. He is the epitome of evil, or disorder and chaos, and social disorder, because I don't know any of this shift, the camera, I've had a word, the institutions had a word for evil. And anyway, he and his brother are engaged in a perpetual conflict. You might say it's a struggle similar to the light you do, or darkness in light, they are the original twins of the sense. Now set according to the story, had in their many stories of importance, and there's long before Christian Bible or Torah or Bible Yitzah or the Quran, and said, or we've been making thousands of years of Egyptian if not should say, African history, these stories are merged, African mythology religion. It is said that said has his brother murdered. In fact, we only know he had murder, but he cuts his body up into 14 pieces, and scatters the pieces throughout the land of Him and all Egypt. Now, his wife, O'Set, becomes very instrumental in the story now, because when she hears a news of her husband's death, O'Ser's death, O'Ser's death, O'Ser's death, she's grief-stricken. She's terribly upset, but she does not completely lose her head if she does not lose hope, and she winds over the land of Him. She winds over Egypt and she gathers 13 of the 14 missing pieces, and she takes them and puts them in the form of a murder, raps them up in the form of a murder, and prays to the God of ancient Egypt, and they end back the story life to the slave of Cyrus. Now, the 14 pieces are very critical. Oh, yes, it's Gentiles, which has been thrown into the Mount River World of Swallow by Catfish. Last time I had a catfish was showed in the fire of the story. Now, that is the important thing of them. This is important because, despite of that, O'Ser is able to offset his aim to concede with child, and that child turns out to be ours. The main infunction of ours is to avenge his father's death. O'Ser goes up, he begins to make wishes uncle, set, who murdered his father, and O'Ser intervenes. Now, in that story, you have so many profound concepts. You have the story of one brother slaying another brother, similar to Candidateville. You have the story of an American conception, the Virgin Birch. You have the story of, wife and brother dead. The risen record is saved here. You even have the story that deals with divine compassion because in his Isis, or I said, he suffers the most of it, and obviously I start at a husband's death, but she is the one steps in and intervenes and prevents the murderer who actually meeting his just dude. So Isis is very, very profound. She is said to a wandering land of kinets, and at the age of time, she becomes the most powerful of all the ancient deities. To the extent that it begins to make you wonder, if we are not getting just to tell in the story, that at the age of times God is not in fact initially identified in the form of a female, because once again the name Isis, or I said, means the throne, the seat, a power. So Isis is very profound, and we relate to a dinner fire with Mary's story of the Madonna child. I need to you've done considerable research on Black Queens, Goddesses, Madonna's and Black women in ancient times. One area of interest is that of Isis and her legacy. Could you talk about that? The leg Isis was one of the most dominant goddesses in ancient Egypt, and her legacy lives on today in the Black Madonna. Isis and her sirens are said to be the ones the deities responsible for civilizing ancient Egypt. And they were brothers. They were brothers and sisters. And husband and wife. And that type of relationship was not condoned for the general Egyptian population that you see at sometimes within the royal family. And it had meaning to it that divine meanings, that the type of relationship they had. But they went about civilizing ancient Egypt. They taught the people agriculture. They taught them how to grow corn, how to grow wheat. They taught them how to raise livestock. They taught them the institution of marriage. And they made taming families. And they taught the women how to grind corn, how to weave and spin, spin thread and weave cloth. And so the Egyptian people attribute their civilization. And their civilized behavior to Isis and Osiris. And that they also the tendons to be the highest religious people. And that they felt that Isis and Osiris exemplified this in their relationship. Inspiration for the title of this video, taking booklet was derived from a distinguished organization of black women. The imperial court daughters of Isis. In the early part of the 20th century, black women in several American cities began to organize themselves around shrine temples that served as centers for the Prince Hall Shriner's and order of black maisons. An auxiliary of female members of the Prince Hall Shriner's was formally established at the annual session of the ancient Egyptian Arabic Order Nobles Mystic Shrine and the Troit Michigan on August 24, 1910. From its inception, the imperial court daughters of Isis, included dynamic women who were dedicated to serving humanity. The leaders of your organization buried in age and profession and came from different parts of the nation. For over 80 years now, this group has focused on a program that stresses leadership development, creates an effective network among its members and community organizations, recognizes the historic and current achievements of black women, provides role models for young women, and promotes high moral standards and academic achievements. The current commanders of the Imperial Court daughters of Isis is Margaret P. Warren of Los Angeles. She's had a long and distinguished career in government and the private sector and is made note worthy contributions to a number of charitable, civil rights and religious organizations. Although in this video tape we are presenting black women as the spiritual daughters of Isis, the truth is that long before Isis became prominent, black women had appeared on the world stage. Let's turn now to the first women on earth, black women in prehistory. For many years anthropologists, paleontologists and other scientists have focused on the consciousness of Africa in their search for the origins of the human family. Some of the most important discoveries that human fossils have been made in North East Africa, particularly in Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia. Small parties of Africans and Europeans headed by such scientists as members of the Louis B. Bliki family have calmed the northeast African terrain in search of our prehistoric black ancestors. The ancient soil of Isis Africa has yielded the richest human remains in the world. Prehistoric fossils similar to these had been given many names such as Austro-Lapithecus, homohabels, homo sapiens, and homo sapiens sapiens or modern human beings. One of the authorities with whom we spoke regarding the origins of human beings in Africa was Dr Charles S. Bench of Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. One thing that is intuitively clear is that Africa is the cradle of the entire human race from 4,000 years ago. All the way up to 200,000 years ago, the step-wide sequence leading in an evolutionary progression from early prehuman, homo-nid ancestors all the way up to modern human beings occurred in Africa alone. There weren't any migrations out of Africa, but those migrations did not have any impact on human evolution leading up to modern human beings until after our human beings of fact-left Africa. Now what I mean by that, a man by the name of Wayne Scott from England has said, is that all of the populations around the globe are descended from small, founder populations that left Africa probably no later than 100,000 years ago. This means that as CW Stringer has said, that all six and a half billion people on this planet are Africans under the skin. Because if we go back far enough, everyone has an African ancestor. Now to clarify at earlier points, when I made the assertion that as far as human evolution was concerned, it all occurred in Africa up until after the final migration, this has to do with the origin and development of races. That you did not see the development of specific human races until about 50,000 years ago when these founder populations left Africa began to inhabit certain parts of the globe Europe, Asia, and then because of rather sudden and drastic climactic changes, underwent some adaptations that led to the development of variations in the human species, which we today call races or subgroups of the human species. But as I say, if you look at the root and the trunk, you are talking about a root and a trunk that is an African soil literally. So that in effect, all six and a half million people live on the planet today are descended from a founding population or an original population that emerges in Africa, certainly 200,000 years ago, very likely, no later than 140,000 years ago, and does not leave Africa until maybe 100,000 years ago. In some of his many books and articles, Dr. Finches noted that our knowledge of human origins is largely based on the skeletal and sculptural relics of African women. Perhaps the most prominent fossil remains of our female ancestors have been those of an ancient African woman, who modern scientists call Lucy. She may have looked similar to this reconstruction that appeared in Discover Magazine in 1988. Lucy lived about three and a half million years ago. She was three feet tall and 60 pounds. Her remains were found in Ethiopia. Lucy and her sisters were undoubtedly strong, proud and courageous. Alongside their mates, they probably hunted and gathered food, lived in small groups and carried a nursing child as they traveled across the land. Whether we called her Lucy or Eve, the African woman left her mark over a broad spectrum of the prehistoric and ancient worlds. Small carvings of short heavy set women with thick woolly hair often called fertility idols have been found in Europe, from Italy to Russia. Scientists have labeled the people of that time Gromaldes after the caves and France where their skeletons were first discovered. Some authorities believe that these ancient blacks migrated into Europe from Africa more than 30, thousand years ago and were part of a loose cultural network that extended from South Africa into Central Europe. Scalptures, cave drawings, weapons and tools of the Gromaldes suggest that they were a highly advanced people who held black women in general and motherhood in particular in theory, high esteem. A lot of the slide presentations I do right finish show of a black woman from the Andaman Islands and the Bay of Bengal and then I compare that photograph with the venence of well and well. These ancient fertility figures that you're referring to, you can go to Southern Africa or sign up if I want to be a cohesion sister, quick way, who is oftentimes called a hot and hot. So this is the most famous one, but you find throughout France, my colleague James Brunson is located one in the former Soviet Union that's about 14,000 years old and he do have a lot of it in other parts of Asia. I would think it would tend to represent the widespread movement of ancient black people in a prehistoric period and by prehistoric, I mean before written records and forward history and they need to be with its figurines. The earliest carvings of human-like people that you find anywhere in the world are almost exclusively a women, particularly a women with who are obese with large breasts and very heavily developed buttocks and thighs. Why? Because this is an image of female forcundity or fertility and abundance and productivity and of course with large margins of breasts, the image of female capacity for nurturins. You see this in Europe, you certainly see it in the Nile Valley and elsewhere and we find by the way in the Nile Valley that the oldest deity, the oldest form of the deity takes shape as taurt. Taurt is the hippopotamus goddess who was one of the earliest images of the deity because Anne who was feminine maternal because she was obese and therefore was an image of the pregnant female. Also the hippopotamus by floating in the enter in the waters of inter-Africa would have been an image of would have been an anniotic image at a birth image. Interestingly enough, taurt means land or earth. Earth means great. So power means greater and so she was, shall we say an animal symbol of earth itself earth being the primordial mother of all from which out of which life comes and to which life returns. So all of the original fertility goddesses we call them were mother goddesses at earth goddesses. As we have noted, prehistoric Africans did not end their migrations in Europe. They were adventurous pioneers whose descendants climbed rugged mountains, crossed turret deserts, explored treacherous jungles and ultimately sailed over large parts of the globe. Sacred texts, sculptures, skulls, drawings and paintings reveal the worldwide presence of these black people. In all of the artwork, the black female is very prominent. Her figurines have been discovered in Western Europe, the Mediterranean, Western Asia, India and in vast parts of the prehistoric New World. Even in our modern era scattered around the globe, we see descendants of the black woman. For example in Jordan, India, Southeast Asia, the Philippines, Hawaii, New Guinea, Australia, and as media. We have seen the black woman as mother of the entire human family. We've also charted the course of her descendants around the world. Although she has left to us a global legacy, the black woman's most important and continuous contributions have been made on the continent of Africa. As you can see, it is a huge continent second only to Asia in size. Let us return into Africa to see what exciting revelations await us there. In a brilliant article written in the Journal of African Civilizations 1987 edition, Dr. Rosalind Jefferies provides an overview of the image of black women in African K. Art. Just as many scholars before her, she found that perhaps the most ancient artwork dating back 10,000 years was discovered in the central Sahara region. But other rock paintings were also found in North East, West, Central and South Africa. What does this art tell us about ancient African women? According to Jefferies, it presents them in a variety of ways. Some painting show black women in a symbolic manner as permortial mother or mother nature, who creates and nurtures all life. Certain sculpture pieces appear to represent fertility and motherhood, which were highly regarded by African people. A number of paintings show women gathered together wearing curious masks and culture headdresses. Into leather scenes, we find women talking together, posing, dancing, carrying pottery vessels and relaxing with their children. One of the most popular of the prehistoric paintings is a depiction of two young ladies referred to as pure women. Their attire is surprisingly similar to modern dress. A universal figure is the horn goddess who is depicted in graceful running strides with horns on her head, surrounded by a pot shaped hat. African legend speak of horns as being symbolic in calling together a nation. As we move toward later historical times, we meet the African woman but this time she has settled along the Nile River. It was in this region that the most ancient and continuous civilization in the world appears to have a rhythm, first in Newbia and then in Egypt. Of course, not all scholars agree on the origin of the Egyptian civilization. In part one of the series, however, we cited a growing body of evidence that points toward a black or Newbian beginning which is consistent with ancient tradition. In his book, the African background of medical science, Dr. Charles Finch sheds further light on the black roots of Egyptian civilization. He points out that the Egyptians named themselves Camus which translates literally as the blacks. There were for the African land to the south of them was Kentu or Kentu, denoting the Sudanese peoples who lived there. This were also meant first, foremost, beginning origin and chief. The Egyptians also referred to in or Africa as the old country and the land of the gods. Or as we might say today, gods country. Furthermore, the Egyptian word for east was the same as their word for left and their word for west, the same as their word for right. Their word for front was the same as the word for south and the word for back was the same as the word for north. According to Dr. Finch, all of this was possible only if the Egyptians oriented themselves southward and looked in that direction for the land of their origins. Another source of evidence in support of the view that the ancient Egyptians were black people is the Christian Bible. In Genesis, Noah's three sons, Ham, Shim and Jefe are presented as the ancestors of the three main branches of humankind known to biblical writers. Ham is unquestionably the ancestor of the black race and his name appears to have come from the Egyptian camp, meaning black. The sons of Ham were listed as follows, misraya equals Egypt. Kush was Ethiopia. Cainan was Palestine and foot was Libya. It is clear then that also, according to biblical tradition, Egypt was a part of the black or African branch of humanity. Finally, this painting from the tomb of Remusus III dating back to about 1200 BC shows that the ancient Egyptians viewed themselves as blacks and painted themselves as such without confusion with the Indo-Europeans that is the Caucasians or the Simines. In Cigua, we have the ancient Egyptians as they use themselves. Figure B depicts the Indo-European type. Figure C represents other black Africans and figure D represents the Simines. Throughout their history, the ancient Egyptians never depicted themselves by types B or D. In ancient Egypt, Kimment, the black land, as elsewhere in Africa, women were very prominent. Their diverse roles included goddess, Queen Mother and Pharaoh. We have learned about the great ISIS and her tradition, but there were also other black goddesses of distinction. To discuss this, we returned to the Neda Red Terry in studio. Hi, it was the female god of war and of hunting. She's probably the oldest known female deity of ancient Egypt. She was depicted off and wearing a red crown. Red crown, as you say, are with two crossed arrows and a shield on her head. Signifying her characteristic as a war god. She was also considered to be a devoted mother god. Some of her depictions show her drawn are depicted as a vulture. One of the myths that's associated with her, she, as a vulture, appears to her thigh with her beak and drew blood from that and fed her children of this blood. Half or is another mother god and she was depicted as often as a cow and are as a woman with a cow like ears on her head. Her symbol associated with her were the sister and she's often depicted with the feroes who saw themselves as chorus reborn. The god reborn would be seen suckling from her as a cow. They were suckler from her tithers. As a woman, her woman formed, they were sit on her and circle at her breast. She was also a female god associated with music, with dance, with love and with central pleasures of love also. The sister, which I said was associated with her, was a rattle like musical instrument. Some of the other female guys include fast or best set, which was often depicted as having a head of a cat or a head of a female lion. And she was a god of war. You have but mute, who's also sometimes associated with a god of war. She was a regional god of the thieves, Luxor, and she was part of the Trinity of cones and cones, which is her son. An almond, who was a very important deity during the 17th and 18th dynasty period. You have mute, who was the mother of ISIS, and she was a mother goddess, who was shown often depicted as going across the heavens. Her whole body was stretched across the heavens and meet the air in these depictions. And she was in stars with the scattered about her and the sun would be in the sky, with her. And then you have her daughter, Nethis, who was a guardian female god. The Egyptians believed that the king or Pharaoh possessed divine powers and invited the strength, vitality and authority of God. His role was well defined as ruler of the nation. In spite of this, Egyptian women had a special place on the throne. First, they were guardians of the royal lineage. That is, most male ares did not become Pharaohs until after they married a princess of royal blood. In many cases this meant that a young man married his full-bladed sister, as is depicted here in the union of the Pharaoh almost and his queen almost Nethritari. Secondly, as we shall see in part three of the series in the case of Queen Hedshepsaid, if a deceased Pharaoh's legal heir was too young to rule, or the king left no male heir, then the queen was permitted to head the nation. The queens of Egypt played a vital role on the throne. A number of them rose to prominence from about 3,000 BC to 1800 BC during the old and middle kingdoms. First of all, you have a woman known as Merlecht. And according to WWE Law to the Emory and the book called Arcade, Egypt was published in 1965, he identified her as a mother at the living house that she is the third or fourth ruler of the elastic kid. It's a murder, it's very important, but unfortunately because of the antiquity of the time which lived, we don't know a lot about her, her two little seems to be one of the largest two in the first two dynasty. This is called the Arcade period, or the early diagnostic period. Now in the first dynasty you have one to know this queen had to fare us, but she was not a man, but she was the wife of the man known as Nephoroth who commissioned two mass appearances and she was the mother of Pufel. Exactly, but when you get to the sixth dynasty which is the last dynasty, and what's called the oral kingdom, the first golden age, you have a woman known as Knight of Chris, and undoubtedly that's her great name. Knight of Chris comes after pecking the second group as you know, have the love, this recorded range of world history 94 years. She is described by Herodavus and others as the loveliest, the most just government of the time, and I believe Herodavus even goes as far as to say that the pure myth that is known as writing to me in Colorado, by my serendent is actually that of Magistrate. So she's very significant. Those are the women that stand out in the first several diasties. So after the sixth dynasty a question have was called the first intermediate period, this is an age of social disorder and confusion. And where you have the tempality in which a black team was given for the south moves up covers the two layers, northern and southern Egypt, and unifies kinnit for the second time in the real where I'm in history. That is the temp of robbers, the hotel for way for 51 years. He had two great queens, one is cowardly, others, not shy at. Now, the last one is interesting here is that we know about mental health of the second lawsuit because of the statute of cowardly Z and the black statute that portrays him in the violent color of ancient human, the color of god, the color of divinity, the color of black. But interestingly enough, his queens are also oftentimes portrayed as that same color. And I will draw your attention to a piece I believe to the metropolitan Z remark, maybe the coward ZM that depicts both of these queens, cowardly, and actually in that same divine color. We don't know much about that. The 11 dynasty, I mentioned the 10 dynasty, but actually this is the 11 dynasty last about 100 years. And it's a transitional period. But in the 12 dynasty, once the U.S. women is very very toppled, you have in particular the last known monarch of Bess de 12, a woman known as Sepak Nefroh. She is the wife of Sergeant George of the Middith of the Ferr. While the goddesses and queens of Egypt have a very special place in history, it was the average woman of that land who's independence and respect, surprised ancient foreigners and still baffled us today. The Greek writer Herodicists whom some have called the father of history has stated, the Egyptians themselves and their manners and customs seem to have reversed the ordinary practices of mankind. For instance, women attend markets and are employed in trade, home in sit-home and do the weaving. Of course the Egyptian men did more than weaving than they did all. They were ferrous, governors, judges, doctors, priests, warriors, laborers and so forth. However, Herodicists was struck by the role of women in Egyptian society and well they should have been. For in his native Greece, women were very much confined to their homes. They rarely appeared in public and had few of any rights and privileges men were bound to respect. As a matter of fact, in many instances, the parents of Greek girls arranged their marriages at an early age and paid a rich dowry for the honor. These young ladies received no mental or physical training but were taught to spin them. Two-batter husbands and to otherwise remain quiet and modest. But for thousands of years, the Egyptian woman and her sisters and other parts of Africa enjoyed more legal rights and privileges than any other women of their time and then most women of today. The family unit was the most ancient and cherished institution in Egypt. Young men were urged to take a wife as soon as they were able to support her financially. Egyptian literature is filled with love poems between young men and women who affectionately call each other, brother and sister. One such young lady wrote the following to her lover. My heart flutters hastily when I think of my love for you. It lets me not act sensibly. It leaps from its place. It lets me not put on a dress nor wrap my scarf around me. I put no paint upon my eyes. I'm even not anointed with perfume. The Egyptian woman was well loved and respected by her family. Although her spouse was the head of the house, she was indeed responsible for running the household. They certainly controlled the heart from the home. They also controlled fields and many many instances. The agricultural situation in Egypt because the most important agricultural day is at first, women, asset or isis being the best example. We know that women have legal rights, independent legal rights. We know that children in ancient Egypt derive their names and therefore their legitimacy through their mothers and through the maternal line and therefore took their names from their mothers, as we said. An ancient elder left a record of sound advice for young Egyptian husbands. He wrote, do not control your wife in her house when you know she is efficient. Don't say to her, where is it? Get it? When she has put it in the right place. Let your eye observe in silence, then you recognize her skill. It is joy when your hand is with her. If a man assists from strike at home, he will not encounter its beginning. Every man who found a house hold should hold back the hasty heart. Do not go after another woman let her not steal your heart. Thousands of paintings to pick interesting scenes of Egyptian family life. They show husbands, wives and children eating, hunting, fishing, enjoying music and traveling along the Nile together. Families' stability seems to have prevailed throughout the long history of this nation. Sexual discrimination and employment appears to be an unknown in Egypt, alongside men and with others of their gender, women ground corn, brood beer and baked bread. Women dominated certain professions, for example, most of the dancers, acrobat's, ad musicians, were female. Women also held high positions in commerce and industry. This was especially true in the manufacturing of state textiles and perfume. Egyptians loved banquets and parties, where married couples often socialized. Here is a typical dinner party at which women playing drums and flutes, entertained their guests. The Egyptian Pharaoh governed the nation on the basis of my act, a divine concept of law and justice. Under this system, women enjoy equal status and civil rights with men. Women independently executed wills, witness documents, inherited, bought, administered and sold property, adopted children, and filed lawsuits. Scholars have traditionally held that Western law and jurisprudence had their origin in ancient Greece. This view is now open to debate. As an attorney, I was very interested in the ancient Egyptian legal system. I was especially surprised to learn of the world of Lady Nanaktae. As a result of that, I decided to engage in research on the world on my own. Attorney Clay, your trial has been continued over to tomorrow morning at 9 o'clock. Thank you, Mary. You're welcome. As a nation, Egypt predated Greece by thousands of years. The Ancient Egyptians enacted many laws and created a very advanced legal system, which at various times included judges and juries. Recent research clearly demonstrates that the ancient Greeks derived much of their philosophy, science, architecture, religion, and medicine from the ancient Egyptians. Further investigation may well reveal that Egyptian law was also the basis of that of ancient Greece. In our effort to study the will of the Ancient Egyptian noble lady Nanaktae, we visited the research library at the University of California at Los Angeles and the central library downtown Los Angeles. The independence of this ancient Egyptian woman was made clear by her surviving will, which we found in the 1945 edition of the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. A wealthy widow of some stature, laden Nanaktae had married twice and inherited property from both husbands and her father. She left her own personal property and her share of the last husbands estate to some of her eight children. But this inherited the others for lack of consideration toward her. To show how advanced the ancient Egyptians were and how much we have learned from them, it should be noted that laden Nanaktae's will was not arrived and formally included on the court docket. As we have seen during the early history of Egypt, women of the nation were generally equal to men and many respects. Even so, the position of Pharaoh or crowned head of the country was almost always held by a man. Nevertheless, there came a time when three extraordinary royal women took center stage. It was during the 17th Egyptian dynasty, a period of great humiliation. Egyptians had been conquered by foreigners, probably Asians, called Hicksos. The great royal mother Titus Shehri, her daughter Ahatim and her granddaughter Nefertari played critical roles in pre-medination from foreign rule. Let us recapture the significance of that troubled time in Black history. While filming the drama for the daughter's devices, we were joined behind the scenes on the set by Enzinga Ratubisha Herru, chairperson of the Association for the Study of Classical African Civilizations. And think it thank you so much for taking out of your busy schedule appearing on the set of the daughters of ISIS to be our guest today. We sort of appreciate your contribution. And thank you to the grant by the animals. As a rule, we look at history from a male perspective, even when we think of the origin of the United States, we speak of the founding fathers. In ancient Africa, however, there are times when we speak of founding mothers. Can you speak to that? The founding mothers are a very integral part of African history. It's a matter of fact, in this particular case, what had happened is Egypt was ruled out of the domination of the Hicksos. They were in fact the Asians. So what had happened is all the royal families were pushed to the south. And actually Egypt was there under domination but outsiders. However, they had to go to the south or the north. Thanks to strategize for the liberation efforts to regain Egypt. And that was done by Sister Nantentah Shere. Tentah Shere and her husband were very hard to overthrow the Hicksos. What had been happened was her daughter. A whole ten. Being joined a fight to help regain this country. When her husband was killed in battle, it was a whole ten, a sister woman, warrior, who went out there and led the troops to overturn these foreign invaders that had come to monopolize their land. They battled until again another daughter came and that daughter is known as our host, Nefertari. Now our host Nefertari is the one that is long some crazy because she is clearly of Newby and Stunt. But it was seen in her husband who were actually the founders of the 18th There is now a tour to the 17th dynasty and visit the scene from the lives of two of the founding mothers of the 18th, from her to Shere and Nefertari. I am Nefertari. I am truly truly truly truly truly truly truly truly truly truly truly truly. And love my child. And I think you are wrong grandmother for us. I am the one who is truly just in blessed by Icens. She is providing me with such a guardian, who is love, who is love as a strong as the Ferris Flail. And I will tell you grandmother how is your life? Yeah, remember one that a few moments my child. Pretty in the красив. How you are fifty two years. So you may go food. Some underground mother tell me how is your name? The pain in my heart is greater than the pain in my life. What is the meaning of this world in your state? Come on. Join me in a game lesson. I could tell you the history of our people, which troubles my heart. One thousand people to go, our nation was rich and powerful. It was our second golden age. Our ancestors controlled the vast mountain. There were great fairer associations, middle hotel for second. A methamess for third, seduce for first and second. Who rang for three? And it was great clean, like cream and casher lift. We came a bit too much time to work this. The level is in 12 times the season. It was our most glorious days since the period we used for healing. The people prospered, the land was fertile and the gods were clean. But after in the 12 times the season, I still was a plain extra mile. As you can see, do you mean like an epidemic? There was a lot of strange people, a pale face race. We call them pixels. There was a farland, they burned off seeds, destroyed the temples. Massacre in the area of human and trade in the ocean. The long family was stripped of their authority and managed from the land. Because the kings and queens took to the north, fortunately, you didn't even need to manage your escape to the mountains. And they play itself into the land. For 200 seasons, our people have been in exile. First thing you need, and now in future. And with the war so long, we will reclaim all of our lives and go on. And remember, tell me about the war, when did it start? You promised to make the rain the proudness. And he could not bear the shame of seeing each other for you. Did you find a start to watch? Because of the arrogance of the hits of the king of hoppins. Eric, what did he do? Well, what did he do before you, Lord? We have been in the video and it's been really established. The capital of the New Yorkshire, the Queens. Our palace was not so many miles from the thick snow to the moose. And our presence was within the Queen. There in the Queen, the Grandmother, they were on our land. But there is. Did you see the kings that are warning you to your father? More in you, than the North and the North, he could handle with you. Or too loud, and he could not sleep. So we are in ourshire. Where the hippopotamus is with the Lail. Does this some kind of hiccows joke? There was no joke. It was the insult of the ones who come. You see the prize that hippopotamus is a symbol of the authority of the fair. Where mother, you mean like, of the pyramids are symbols of ancient wisdom? Yes. You see the hiccows key challenge to authority of your father. He could not hear the prize. The hippopotamus is, it was his way of even more message to stir up the anger of your father. I know my father didn't stand for that. No, he didn't. He mobilized the army and made a courageous drive against the hiccows of barbarians. That is when father left killed. I remember my mother telling you this. She said that when he came to beige, my eldest brother Kamul continued the war after father died. Your mother. As much too much as my child. After your father's death, it was she who brought the truth together. And we met him to battle after them. To came us to there. Kingfleau. And my dear thumb. Gamerell's case, Roze. And then I went out. Yes. powerful littleれetetas. When you know that, guess the body better. Oh, pretty. I'm here to go for the god's show me, and they have told the priest that he will survive, and he turned all safely. This is the divine will that might care what rise up to my our enemies. We turn and we might put two lands, upper and lower Egypt. Almost my brother is the Pharaoh of their prophecy, so do not worry, Grandmother, for our people will be liberated, and the nation will prosper. You are the embodiment of ice. You are the embodiment of ice. You are the only one that you are. And you do the generation like the purest and the purest. The words of Queen Tentisherry, Grandmother of Nefertari, didn't eat echo down the corridors of history. For generations, Nefertari, the cheap queen and sister of King Amos, was worshiped by the Egyptian people. She bore several sacred titles, including royal daughter, great royal wife and divine mother. Nefertari and her family were widely praised for liberating Egypt from far in domination. According to a number of distinguished Egyptologists from Blender's Pitchery to William Leo Hansbury, this great queen was the most rebuked person in the entire history of the Nile Valley, indeed a distinguished daughter of ISIS. In part three of this series, we shall begin with the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, which was the extended family of Queen Nefertari. We shall explore the lives of such imminent women as the fellow head chef's it, Queen Tia and Queen Nefertiti. We shall also recapture the lives and times of Ethiopia's emphasis and warrior queens. Finally, we shall examine the role of the Black Madonna in Africa, Europe and Asia. This concludes part two of the click series, The daughters of ISIS Black women in antiquity.