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Probably our most important discovery was that when ap water was conditioned by weak electromagnetic ields, the treated water gave similar effects in yeast to hose from exposing the yeast itself, amongst which was an increased permeability of the cell membranes to poisons (Goldsworthy et al., 1999). Since it had been nown since the work of Bawin et al. (1975) that weak electromagnetic fields could remove calcium ions from he surfaces of brain cells, it seemed likely that both the conditioned water and the electromagnetic fields were working in the same way, i.e., by removing structurally important calcium ions from cell membranes, which then made them leak. We now know that membrane leakage of this ind can explain most of the biological effects of both conditioned water and of direct exposure to electromagnetic fields. Why Microwaves are Particularly Damaging Probably our most important discovery was that when The frequency of the carrier wave is also important. ap water was conditioned by weak electromagnetic Higher frequencies, such as the microwaves used in ields, the treated water gave similar effects in yeast to cellphones, Wi-Fi and DECT phones, are the most hose from exposing the yeast itself, amongst which was damaging. Our present exposure to man-made an increased permeability of the cell membranes to microwaves is about a million billion billion (one — poisons (Goldsworthy et al., 1999). Since it had been followed by 18 zeros) times greater than our natural nown since the work of Bawin et al. (1975) that weak exposure to these frequencies. We did not evolve inthis electromagnetic fields could remove calcium ions from environment and we should not be too surprised to find he surfaces of brain cells, it seemed likely that both the that at least some people may not be genetically conditioned water and the electromagnetic fields were adapted to it. As with most populations faced with an working in the same way, i.e., by removing structurally environmental change, those members that are not important calcium ions from cell membranes, which then made adapted can become ill, die prematurely or fail to them leak. We now know that membrane leakage of this reproduce adequately. Ironically, those who are ind can explain most of the biological effects of both electromagnetically intolerant may be better equipped conditioned water and of direct exposure to to survive, since they are driven to do whatever they can __ electromagnetic fields. to avoid the radiation. The main reason why microwaves are especially | Growth and Conditioning damaging is probably because of the ease with which We also showed that the effects of conditioned water the currents that they generate on the growth of yeast cultures penetrate cell membranes. Cell depended on the length of the membranes have a very high ...microwave currents pass conditioning process. Less resistance to direct currents, an 30 seconds of conditioning but, because they are so thin through the membranes of stimulated growth, but more (about 10 nanometres), they . . an this inhibited growth. It behave like capacitors so that cells and tissues more easily was as if the conditioning alvernat ing ene pass than do radio waves of lower process was steadily generating rough them easily. Since the . one or more chemical agents in effective resistance of a frequencies, and therefore e water. capacitor to alternating current they can do more damage... A low dose from the shorter (its reactance) is inversely conditioning period stimulated proportional to its frequency, growth, but longer conditioning microwave currents pass periods gave higher doses through the membranes of cells and tissues more easily — which were inhibitory. than do radio waves of lower frequencies, and therefore By the same token, blood continually circulating for they can do more damage to the cell contents. prolonged periods under the pulsating fields from a aallabanan ae aimilae darian aavld bana baAwia ta tha through the membranes of cells and tissues more easily ct ei ~~ which were inhibitory. By the same token, blood continually circulating for prolonged periods under the pulsating fields from a cellphone or similar device could become toxic to the rest of the body. This means that no part of the body, from the brain to the liver and gonads, can be considered to be safe from the toxic effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields. Calcium Loss from Cell Membranes Calcium loss from cell membranes explains most of the adverse health effects. I] became interested in this topic when I was working on the biological effects of physically (magnetically) conditioned water, which is widely used to remove lime scale from boilers and plumbing. It is made by allowing tap water to flow rapidly between the poles of a powerful magnet or by exposing it to a weak, pulsed, electromagnetic field from an electronic water conditioner. Water treated in this way can remove calcium ions (electrically charged calcium atoms) from surfaces, and the effect on the water can last for several days. I was following up some Russian and Israeli work that had shown that magnetically conditioned water could increase the growth of crops, but it turned out to be far more important than that. The underlying principle was also to explain the mechanisms by which weak electromagnetic fields can damage living cells, and also what can be done to stop it. The Radiation Hormesis Phenomenon Many people have shown similar dual effects with direct exposure to both ionising and non-ionising radiation. Small doses of otherwise harmful radiation often stimulate growth and appear to be beneficial—a phenomenon known as radiation hormesis—but larger doses are harmful. It also explains why small doses of pulsed magnetic fields are effective in treating some medical conditions such as broken bones (Bassett et al., 1974) but prolonged exposure is harmful. It also explains some of the apparent inconsistencies ound when comparing different experiments and why meta-analysis of the data should be treated with caution. Clear positive and clear negative results depending on the dose and the condition of the 22 * NEXUS JUNE - JULY 2012 ..microwave currents pass than do radio waves of lower frequencies, and therefore they can do more damage... www.nexusmagazine.com