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NEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCE Special efforts must be taken to prevent magnetic flux from passing hrough systems, and there is no way at this time to prevent neutrino luxes or gravitational waves from passing through systems. Because no suitable sensors exist for some of hese energy fluxes, it is not possible o be certain that a given system has not absorbed energy from one of hese fluxes or given up energy to a lux. In brief, it is difficult to establish hat a system is truly isolated and for which the conservation laws are directly applicable. The conservation aws are still valid for all systems, but he manner in which they are applied depends on whether they are open or truly closed. technology, intelligent robot technology, is open to information rather than energy. The three technologies are: e Space Energy Conversion. So- called "empty space" is filled with electromagnetic energy, often referred to as “zero-point energy” because the energy would remain even if the temperature of an object or particles in space were reduced to absolute zero. Different types of devices have been built in an effort to tap into and collect this energy. The obvious attraction of these devices is that, potentially, they could replace all coal-burning and petroleum engines and completely eliminate man's contribution to global warming due to carbon dioxide. ¢ Brown's Gas. Brown's Gas is produced by a special type of electrolysis of water in which the gases given off by the electrodes are collected in a single container, rather than in separate containers for the hydrogen and oxygen. What is important about this gas is that it is combustible, and that it is currently being used to extend the mileage of gasoline and diesel automotive engines by 25 to 60 per cent. ¢ Intelligent Robots. These are robots that build information and control models of their environment, and use these models to make decisions as to how to achieve a specified goal situation, i.e., they are open to information. Such robots can be used to function effectively in environments that are hostile to human beings, but they can also be used to perform complex tasks now performed by humans. They could lead to reindustrialisation on a large scale in the USA and to low-cost production of all types of goods. None of these three technologies is based on settled science. The space- energy-conversion devices conceivably could be analysed by a putative Theory of Everything (TOE) in physics. At present there is no mainstream TOE, but some mainstream physicists such as Dr Michio Kaku believe that such a theory can be developed from string theory, perhaps in the next 25 years—but the lack of an agreed- upon comprehensive theory has not stopped enthusiastic experimenters. While a settled theory may not be available, there are at least six theories, none of which satisfies Dr Kaku's definition of a TOE, that claim to explain space energy conversion anda lot more. A theory of Brown's Gas was recently put forth by Chris Eckman, a student at the University of Idaho. This theory, the plasma orbita expansion theory, accounts for the strange properties of the gas in terms of the gas electrical conductivity, bu it is not yet recognised by mainstream scientists. At least one theory for intelligen machines does exist, but it is no recognised by mainstream researchers in artificial intelligence (possibly because it is a theory o machines and not a theory o intelligence, artificial or human). The theory, which was developed by the author of this article, defines an intelligent machine as one tha models information patterns in the Technology of the 21st Century produced by a special type of Partly because of the difficulty in electrolysis of water in which the closing systems, scientists have long gases given off by the electrodes are been interested in the properties of collected in a single container, rather open systems such as ones that are than in separate containers for the in contact with an energy reservoir hydrogen and oxygen. What is and with the amount of energy that important about this gas is that it is must be supplied to the system in combustible, and that it is currently order to transfer or utilise the energy being used to extend the mileage of in the reservoir. gasoline and diesel automotive The first of the three new _ engines by 25 to 60 per cent. technologies described in this article —¢ Intelligent Robots. These are is just such a technology. The third robots that build information and Canadarm2 - the first ‘intelligent’ robot for the International Space Station. Image source: http://tinyurl.com/643bfla 50 * NEXUS JUNE - JULY 2011 www.nexusmagazine.com