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the Elder or the falcon-headed Sokar, the latter he Duat underneath the Giza Plateau then they must especially linked with Giza. ave incorporated an underground canal system. Collins states that, based on the work of astronomer Campbell's Tomb might be one enigmatic structure that Dr Ronald Wells and Egyptologist Dr Amanda-Alice could thus easily be explained within this new Maravelia, the ancient Egyptians of the Pyramid Age saw ramework: that what we see above ground might not the stars of Cygnus as the cosmic womb of the sky _ be nearly as exciting as what is waiting to be discovered goddess Nut, who was personified as the Milky Way. underneath the Giza Plateau. They argue that the Duat physically symbolised Nuit's Collins should therefore be applauded for having body. The caves of Giza are therefore indeed likely tobe brought the underground network of Giza to the cosmic wombs. attention of an international audience. B Within this framework, Deneb, Cygnus's brightest star, ut the attitude of the Egyptian authorities remains marked the entrance into, or exit from, the Duat. Inthe remarkable, to say the least, seeing that they sky, this is represented by the part of the Milky Way that hemselves have official reports that show that we know today as the Cygnus Rift. Collins argues that | something exciting might be waiting to be discovered in this entrance would also be located the Giza underground. oo on the Giza Plateau and would potentially form the principal entrance About the Author: into the subterranean complex. Based in the UK, Philip Coppens has Also on the Giza Plateau is contributed 16 articles to NEXUS, Campbell's Tomb. This enigmatic most recently "The Egyptologist, the shaft sunk into the plateau is often left Sphinx and the Cover-up" (see 16/05). unmentioned because its purpose is According to some He is the author of several books, obscure at best. . including The New Pyramid Age Recently, the structure did get some observers like (2007; reviewed in NEXUS 14/06). attention as its sides display erosion geologist Dr Robert He was a speaker at the 2007 NEXUS patterns that are similar to those of Schoch. these erosion Conference in Queensland, Australia. the Sphinx enclosure. z Philip Coppens can be contacted by According to some observers like patterns suggest that email at info@philipcoppens.com and geologist Dr Robert Schoch, these the Sphinx is much via his website erosion patterns suggest that the older than the c. 2500 http://www.philipcoppens.com. Sphinx is much older than the c. Cae 2500 BC date which it is currently BC date which it is Endnotes 1. Abbas, Abbas Mohamed, EI- said A. El-Sayed, Fathy A. Shaaban and Tarek Abdel-Hafez, "Uncovering the Pyramids Plateau-Giza Plateau-in a Search for Archaeological Relics by Utilizing Ground Penetrating Radar", NRIAG Journal of given. As French journalist Antoine Gigal has pointed out, the Belgian researchers Guy Mouny and Guy Gruais posit that the grooves of the structure look very mechanical and might have been used to raise or lower a platform that was linked with a Geophysics, 2006 Special Issue, subterranean canal system pp. 2, 12 underneath the plateau. This would suggest that the 2. Vyse, Col. R. W. Howard, Operations Carried on at the ancient Egyptians had advanced understanding of — Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837, James Fraser, London, 1840 (3 hydraulics. vols) This also should not come as a major surprise, 3. Salt, Henry, The Sphinx Revealed: A Forgotten Record of considering that extensive and advanced hydraulic — Pioneering Excavations (Patricia Usick and Deborah engineering was carried out under Pharaoh Amenemhat Manley, editors), British Museum Press, London, 2007 (1991-1962 BC) in the Fayum Oasis. Belgian researcher 4. http://www.drhawass.com/node/303 Gerd Vandecruys has noted that the erosion patterns in 5. Personal email from Andrew Collins, 3 October Campbell's Tomb appear to be from standing water 2009 inside the structure and not from rainwater erosion—as 6. Collins, Andrew, Beneath the Pyramids: Egypt's Greatest is suggested for the Sphinx enclosure. Secret Uncovered, 4th Dimension Press, Virginia Beach, Knowing that the ancient Egyptians believed that USA, 2009 travel in the Duat occurred by boat, and that depictions 7. Quoted in Collins, ibid., p. 11 in The Book of the Dead show boats moving on canals in 8. Quoted in Collins, op. cit., p. 13 the Underworld, if the Egyptians physically represented 9. Collins, op. cit., pp. 13-14 currently given. observers like geologist Dr Robert Schoch, these erosion patterns suggest that the Sphinx is much older than the c. 2500 BC date which it is currently given. Was NEXUS ¢ 51 According to some DECEMBER 2009 - JANUARY 2010 www.nexusmagazine.com