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objects with inexplicable kinematic performance. But it also shows an internal coherence and general characteristics, and rarely denied, relatively stable physical reality and intelligent behaviour—not hostile, but discreet, stealthy and blurred/garbled. random natural events. faithful application of the scientific But unlike operational research, method of Karl Popper. They oppose they take into account the interference the inductive thought process that of a foreign intelligence, endowed goes from specific to general, which with will and capable of jamming and claims a general statement from a arbitrary, seemingly irrational, limited number of observations. behaviour. They are particularly Regarding ufology, the inductive relevant in the presence of method is inappropriate because of disinformation and in asymmetrical — sharply depreciated information. This conflicts between adversaries with unfortunately has led to two pitfalls: different logic, divergent ethics and on the one hand, scepticism or modes of dissimilar thinking, as in the rejection of any attempt to interpret fight against terrorism or, if the case because the multiform faces and arises, an extraterrestrial intrusion. absurd events that have been at large With what kind of reasoning are for 60 years do not justify a general these methods involved? They are the statement; on the other hand, by hypothetical-deductive kind. They improper extrapolation, to the must make assumptions, prior to the elaboration of hazardous riddle of ethical probabilities or interpretations and the development of technical, economic and operational conspiracy theses. likelihoods, which are deduced from the consequences, past and future, and Possible extraterrestrial intrusion which could be verified through If we depart from the a priori observation and intelligence. If they hypothesis, not scientifically refutable, find an experimental verification, they of an intelligence transcending the are validated. Otherwise, they are perceptible world, we must admit that either rejected or revised to make we are dealing with a possibly alien them compatible with experience. intrusion, i.e., the unwanted presence They are constructions that are both of intelligent beings belonging to one iterative and adaptive. They demand or more planets in the Milky Way or formal and rigorous thought. All another galaxy. things considered, they are a fairly For hypothetical-deductive methods The interpretation The most widespread interpretation among ufologists maintains that the UFO phenomenon is governed by one (or more) non-terrestrial intelligence(s). In this case, we must accept the idea that conceals a potentially hostile plan, a program supported by a strategy. What is this program? Who are the authors? What is their strategy? These are the questions that we have to ask ourselves in facing an unknown. Therefore, the study of the UFO phenomenon resorts to methods for assessing complex situations involving intelligence games, ambiguous designs and scarce, sporadic and garbled information. Possible extraterrestrial intrusion If we depart from the a priori hypothesis, not scientifically refutable, of an intelligence transcending the perceptible world, we must admit that we are dealing with a possibly alien intrusion, i.e., the unwanted presence of intelligent beings belonging to one or more planets in the Milky Way or another galaxy. For hypothetical-deductive methods Hypothetical-deductive methods What are these methods? From a military conception, they have emerged during the last global conflict at the same time as operational research. They are taught in war colleges (in France, the Defence Intelligence College) and are used by the staffs of the major powers. Large companies exposed to economic and political constraints and facing a competition where misinformation is commonly practised have adopted and adapted them to their needs. This explains the presence of metaphor and military terminology in the speeches of leaders of society. As operational research, they are designed to overcome the lack of intuition and apply common sense to situations with confusing parameters, depending on many factors and relevant objectives and subject to GALACTIC QVIZ: Which extraterre ctrial comes from Planet X 2 @) NEXUS ¢ 67 AUGUST — SEPTEMBER 2008 www.nexusmagazine.com