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NEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCE Submarine Warfare translate this reflected ray, as for instance The vessels would at once lower their nets, "Could these ultra-powerful and _ by allowing the ray to impinge ona __ if so equipped, order their gun crews to unusually penetrating X-rays be used to _ phosphorescent screen, acting ina similar quarters and double the look-out watch. locate or destroy a submarine?" I way to the X-ray screen. The ray would The important thing to know is that interjected. be invisible to the unaided eye. The submarines are present. Forewarned is "Now we are coming to the method of _ reflected ray could be, firstly, intercepted forearmed! locating such hidden metal masses as _ by the one or more ships in the fleet, or, "The Teutons are clever, you know; very, submarines by an electric ray," replied the secondly, it would be possible for the ship very clever; but we shall beat them," said electrical wizard. "That is the thing which _ originating the ray to intercept the refracted Dr Tesla confidently. oo seems to hold great promises. If wecan portion by sending out the ray shoot out a concentrated ray comprising a _ intermittently and also by taking advantage * Here Tesla is proposing a form of stream of minute electric charges vibrating of what is known as the after-glow effect, RADAR (an acronym for Radio Detection electrically at tremendous frequency, say which means that the ray would affect the And Ranging), not fully developed until millions of cycles per second, and then __ registering screen an appreciable time after _ several years later. intercept the ray after it has been reflected _ its origination. This would be necessary to by a submarine hull, for example, and allow the ship to move forward sufficiently | ** As an amateur radio operator (KB3ZU), cause this intercepted ray to illuminate a__ to get within range of the reflected ray _ can attest to the fact that high-frequency fluorescent screen (similar to the X-ray from the submarine, as the reflection would radiated power will light up the filaments method) on the same or another ship, then not be in the same direction as the in electric bulbs with no house-current our problem of locating the hidden originating ray. applied. A few times, I inadvertently left submarine will have been solved. "To make this clearer, consider that a the antenna disconnected while operating "This electric ray would necessarily have concentrated ray from a searchlight is | my 2,000-watt (PEP) linear amplifier in the to have an oscillation wave length thrown ona balloon at night. When the 15-metre band, and I watched the filaments extremely short, and here is where the great spot of light strikes the balloon, the latter at in all the turned-off incandescent bulbs in roblem presents itself, i.e., to be able to once becomes visible from many different the room light up to about half-normal develop a sufficiently short wavelength and angles. The same effect would be created brilliancy when I spoke over the a large amount of power, say several _ with the electric ray if properly applied. microphone loudly. This was because of thousand or even several hundred thousand When the ray struck the rough hull of a the maximum modulation being reached orsepower. Ihave produced oscillators submarine, it would be reflected, but notin and my transmitter's output being having a wavelength of but a few a [con]centrated beam—it would spread improperly terminated. millimeters. out; which is just what we want. Suppose — Larry Brian Radka, Einhorn Press "Suppose, for example, that a vessel is several vessels are steaming along in fitted with such an electric ray projector. company; it thus becomes evident that (Source: Non-facsimile reproduction of The average ship has available from, say, several of them will intercept the reflected "Blinding the Submarine", The Electrical 10,000 to 15,000 H.P. The exploring ray ray and accordingly be warned of the Experimenter, August 1917, posted at could be flashed out intermittently, and presence of the submarine or submarines. _http://einhornpress.com/inventor) thus it would be possible to F 7 = : url forth a very formidable beam of pulsating electric energy, involving a discharge of hundreds of thousands of horsepower. The electric energy would be taken from the ship's plant for a fraction of a minute, only being absorbed at a tremendous rate by suitable condensers and other apparatus from which it could be liberated at any rate desired. "Imagine that the ray has been shot out and that in sweeping through the water it encounters the hull of a submarine. What happens? Just this: the ray would be reflected, and by an appropriate device we = — would intercept and Tesla at work The vessels would at once lower their nets, if so equipped, order their gun crews to quarters and double the look-out watch. The important thing to know is that submarines are present. Forewarned is forearmed! "The Teutons are clever, you know; very, very clever; but we shall beat them,” said Dr Tesla confidently. oo * Here Tesla is proposing a form of RADAR (an acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging), not fully developed until several years later. ** As an amateur radio operator (KB3ZU), I can attest to the fact that high-frequency radiated power will light up the filaments in electric bulbs with no house-current applied. A few times, I inadvertently left the antenna disconnected while operating my 2,000-watt (PEP) linear amplifier in the 15-metre band, and I watched the filaments in all the turned-off incandescent bulbs in the room light up to about half-normal brilliancy when I spoke over the microphone loudly. This was because of the maximum modulation being reached and my transmitter's output being improperly terminated. — Larry Brian Radka, Einhorn Press NEXUS = 51 Submarine Warfare FEBRUARY — MARCH 2008 www.nexusmagazine.com