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Second stage: Non-integer epitheliums (erosions, abrasions, If it is thought that, instead, it fully belongs to neoplastic etc.), absence of stage debilitating factors, unusual transitory pathology, then it is necessary to consider its non-invasive conditions (acidosis, metabolic disorder, and microbial disorder). character and consequently to consider the reasons for this. Candida expands superficially (classic mycosis, both exogenous It is in fact evident how in this second scenario, the thesi and endogenous). based on a presumed predisposition of the organism to auto- Third stage: Non-integer epitheliums, presence of debilitating phagocytosis, having to admit an expressive graduation, would factors (toxic, stage radiant, traumatic, neuropsychic, etc.). stumble into such additional difficulties such as to become Candida goes deeper into the subepithelial levels, from which it extremely improbable. can be carried to the whole organism through the blood and By contrast, in the fungal scenario, the mystery of why there lymph (intimate mycosis)."” are benign and malignant tumours is exhaustively solved, since Stages one and two are the most studied and understood, while they can be recognised as having the same aetiological genesis. stage three, though it has been described in its morphological The benignity or malignancy of a cancer in fact depends on diversity, is reduced to a silent form of saprophytism. This is not the capability of tissular reaction of a specific organ expressing acceptable from a logical point of view, because no one can itself ultimately in the ability to encyst fungal cells and to demonstrate the harmlessness of the fungal cells in the deepest prevent them from developing in ever-larger colonies. This can parts of the organism. be achieved more easily where the ratio between differentiated In fact, the assumption that Candida can behave in the same cells and connective tissue is in favour of the former. saprophytic manner that is observed on integer epitheliums when Situated between the impervious noble tissues, then, and the it has successfully penetrated the lower defenceless connective tissues, the levels is at least risky, because the differentiated connective structures (the assumption would have to be sustained The benignity or malignancy glandular structures in particular) by concepts that are totally aleatory represent that medium term which is (i.e., dependent on chance). of a cancer depends on the only somewhat vulnerable to attack In fact, we are asked not only to capability of tissular reaction because of an ability to offer a certain accept a priori that the connective type of defence. environment is (a) not suitable to ofa specific organ expressing And it is in these conditions that nourish the Candida, but also at the itself ultimately in the ability benign tumours are formed; that is, same time to accept (b) the where the glandular connective tissue omnipotence of the body's defence to encyst fungal cells and to is successful in forming hypertrophic system towards an organic structure prevent them from developing and hyperplastic cellular that is invasive but that then becomes embankments against the parasites. vulnerable once lodged in the deeper In ever-larger colonies. In the stomach and in the lung, tissues. instead, since there are no specific As for point (a), it is difficult to glandular units, the target organ, imagine that a micro-organism so able to provided with a small defensive adapt itself to any substrata cannot find elements to support itself capability, is at the mercy of the invader. in the human organic substance; by the same token, it seems risky Furthermore, it is worth mentioning how several types of to hypothesise that the human organism's defence system is totally intimate fungal invasion do not determine the appearance of efficient at every moment of its existence. malignant or benign tumours but a type of particular benign As for point (b), the assumption that there is a tendency to a tumour (specific degenerative alterations), as is the case with state of quiescence and vulnerability in the case of a pathogenic some organs or apparatuses that do not have peculiar glandular agent such as fungus—the most invasive and aggressive micro- structures but nevertheless are attacked in their connective organism existing in nature—seems to carry a whiff of the tissue, although in a limited way. irresponsible. In fact, if we consider multiple sclerosis, SLA, psoriasis, It is therefore urgent, on the basis of the abovementioned nodular panarthritis, etc., the possible development of the fungus considerations, to recognise the hazardous nature of such a in a three-dimensional sense is actually limited by the anatomic pathogenic agent which is capable of easily taking the most configuration of the invaded tissues, so that only a longitudinal various biological configurations, both biochemical and structural, expansion is allowed. regardless of the conditions of the host organism. Going back to the precondition of areactivity that is necessary The fungal expansion gradient in fact becomes steeper as the for neoplastic development in a specific individual, it is tissue that is the host of the mycotic invasion becomes less permissible to affirm how in the human body each external or eutrophic and thus less reactive. internal element that determines a reduction of well-being in an organism, organ or tissue po oncogenic potentiality. This Benign tumours is not so much because of an intrinsic damaging capability as To that end, it seems useful to consider briefly the "benign much as a generic property of favouring the fungal (that is, tumour" nosological entity. This is an issue that always appears tumoural) flourishing. in general pathology but is brushed aside most of the time too Then the causal network so much invoked in contemporary easily, and it is overlooked because it usually doesn't create either oncology, which involves toxic, genetic, immunological, problems or worries. It constitutes one of those underestimated psychological, geographical, moral, social and other factors, grey areas seldom subjected to rational, fresh consideration. finds a correct cl fication only in a mycotic infectious If the benign tumour, however, is not considered a fully fledged _ perspective where the arithmetical and diachronic summation of tumour, it would be advantageous, for clarity, to categorise it in harmful elements works as a co-factor to the external an appropriate nosological scheme. aggression. Benign tumours To that end, it seems useful to consider briefly the "benign tumour" nosological entity. This is an issue that always appears in general pathology but is brushed aside most of the time too easily, and it is overlooked because it usually doesn't create either problems or worries. It constitutes one of those underestimated grey areas seldom subjected to rational, fresh consideration. If the benign tumour, however, is not considered a fully fledged tumour, it would be advantageous, for clarity, to categorise it in an appropriate nosological scheme. NEXUS = 31 in ever-larger colonies. AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007 www.nexusmagazine.com