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According to LaViolette, such a superwave was responsible for the drastic climatic changes our planet experienced between 15,300 and 14,150 years ago” that ultimately ended the ice age and caused the extinction of numerous species. He also believes that the evidence suggests that two particularly intense solar flares occurred about 12,840 years ago and 12,730 years ago,** producing large coronal mass ejections that overtook the Earth. LaViolette believes that the sudden super-warming was responsible for initiating rapid glacial melting and continental flooding. Regardless of whether the ice age was a natural phenomenon or the result of an interstellar visitor, the climate drastically altered life for those that were alive. It is a known geologic fact that at the end of the last ice age, c. 10,000 BC, many North American species became extinct, including the mammoth, camel, horse, ground sloth, peccary (a pig-like hoofed mammal), antelope, American elephant, rhinoceros, giant armadillo, tapir, sabre-toothed tiger and giant bison. Whatever caused the ice ages, it also affected the climates of lower latitudes in Central and South America. Those lands also have revealed evidence of mass extinctions. The mechanism that brought these animals to their graves is still a mustacy ~ A Permanent Ice Age or No Ice Age At All? mechanism that brought these animals to their graves is still a The various hypotheses explaining the Great Ice Age mystery. oo appear as a grab-bag of theoretical "pick and choose". Each is backed by scientific evidence and has its own aficionados. About the Author: Each tells a story of the Earth's past and all fall into one of Edward F. Malkowski is the author of Sons of God - two general categories: those who postulate slow, gradual, Daughters of Men (Bits of Sunshine Publishing Co., climatic change, and those who describe a sudden 2003), Before the Pharaohs (Bear & Co., 2006; reviewed catastrophic beginning to the ice age. However, Hapgood in in NEXUS 13/06) and The Spiritual Technology of his pole shift theory implies that the ice age never existed. | Ancient Egypt (to be published by Bear & Co. in But that is a matter of perception, geographically speaking, as November 2007). He is currently working on a new book there is always an existing ice age near the poles. North with Christopher Dunn, author of The Giza Power Plant America was located close to the Arctic Circle and was (Bear & Co., 1998; reviewed in NEXUS 13/06). He works naturally covered in ice because of its position, as were the as a software developer and historical researcher in various poles before it (and as is our current north pole). Champaign, Illinois, USA. He can be contacted via his With the exception of mountain formation, the mechanics of website, http://www.sonsofgod-daughtersofmen.com/. pole shift are essentially the same as slow continental drift, This article was first published as "The Ice Age: One of only it occurs during a much smaller period of time. This, of | History's Biggest Mysteries" at the author's webpage course, has made Hapgood's theory controversial. http:/www.sonsofgod-daughtersofmen.com/iceage.htm. mystery. Endnotes "Are We on the Brink of a 'New Little 12. op. cit., p. xiv. 1. US Environmental Protection Ice Age'?", Woods Hole Oceanographic 13. For an in-depth dissertation on the Agency, "The Ice Age (Pleistocene Institution, Ocean and Climate Change _ physics of pole shift, see Flavio Epoch)", at Institute, February 10, 2003, at Barbiero, "On the Possibility of Very http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/edresources/ _http://www.whoi.edu/institutes/occi/ Rapid Shifts of the Poles", at pleistocene.html. viewArticle.do?id=10046. http://wwwesterni.unibg.it/dmsia/ 2. Stringer, Lawrence B., History of 6. ibid. dynamics/poles.html. Logan County, Illinois, Pioneer 7. Gribbin, John, "Ocean Forces 14. Hapgood, op. cit., pp. 94-95. Publishing Company, Chicago, 1911. Threaten Our Climate", 6 January 2001, 45, Hibben, Frank, "Evidence of Early 3. For more information on the http://www.firstscience.com/site/article fan in Alaska", American Antiquity historical development of ice age s/gribbin.asp; 1943; 8:254-9. theories, see Richard A. Muller ' Rani wanace Rae Sere 16. Velikovsky, Immanuel, Earth in (Professor of Physics, University o: irculation, the Achilles Heel of Our ; b California at Berkeley), Climate System: Will Man-Made co. Te eee thine Gene Te an A brief introduction to ice age Upset the Current Balance?", Science Geology: A Textbook for Colleges, theories", in Ice Ages and Astronomical 1997 Nov 28; 278(5343):1582-8. animal Seinaalls, aad] Mrcinian Selroallse Causes (with Gordon MacDonald), 8. Patten, Donald, The Biblical Flood cave ion Hike General Reader Fons “ Springer-Praxis, 2001; extract at and the Ice Epoch, Pacific Meridian 579, ’ >P- http://muller.lbl.gov/pages/IceAgeBook Publishing, Seattle, WA, 1966, . " ice AgeTheories htm|, . . pp. 16-24" ° 18. Massey Stewart, John, "Frozen 4. Cracking the Ice Age, NOVA 9, Sutcliffe, A. J., On The Track of Ice | Mammoths from Siberia Bring the Ice television documentary, PBS, Age Animals, Harvard University Press, Ages to Vivid Life", Smithsonian 1977, September 30, 1997; see Cambridge, MA, 1985, p. 108. 8:60-69, p. 67. - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ 10. "Mammoth Load of Ivory from 19. Raising the Mammoth (television nova/transcripts/2320crac.html for a Pleistocene", National Geographic, documentary), Discovery Channel, full transcript; January 1992, p. 146 (Almanac March 12, 2000; also on DVD by Raymo, M. E., Ruddiman, W. F. and section). Discovery Home Studios, July 23, Froelich, P. N. "Influence of late 11. Hapgood, Charles, The Path of the 2002. Cenozoic mountain building on ocean Pole, Adventures Unlimited Press, 20. Hapgood., op. cit., pp. 211-14. geochemical cycles", Geology 1988; 1999, p. 327 (1st edition published as 21. LaViolette, Paul, Earth Under Fire, 16:649-53; Earth's Shifting Crust, 1958; revised Starburst Publications, Schenectady, also see http://www.moraymo.us/ edition published as The Path of the New York, 1997, pp. 91-92. uplift_overview.php. Pole by Chilton Book Co., 22. op. cit., p. 89. 5. Joyce, Terrence and Keigwin, Lloyd, Philadelphia, 1970). 23. op. cit., p. 182. JUNE — JULY 2007 NEXUS » 47 www.nexusmagazine.com