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continuing US need for a strong and aggressive defence policy. Psychological Warfare and Black-Budget Programs Their efforts led to strong anti-Soviet positioning during the Modern psychological operations (psy-ops) were significantly Reagan administration. advanced in the Second World War and were brought to bear on Today, the combination of political climate and technological the American public during the 1950s with the formation of a capability presents a condition in which widespread manipulation widespread network of social scientists, journalists, politicians, of not only the flow of information through the media but also military specialists and intelligence operatives. Psy-ops were the emotional states and cognitive ability in large populations used to promote a variety of programs in co-operation with the could be achieved. If policy elites are unaccountable to the public military-industrial complex. Their key piece of information for their actions, and if the public has been emotionally warfare was the communist "Red Menace". manipulated to support them, we can assume that they will In the late 1950s, a right-wing cadre of men within the new CIA certainly abuse their positions in the pursuit of their agendas. was busy building secret armies, planning assassinations and Psychological warfare, information wars and mind control may generally devising plans for world domination that are still being seem to be exotic topics, but the impact of these technologies and played out today. Operation Gladio is one example, well techniques is profound. Our minds are being impacted through a documented and international in scope, in which right-wing longstanding series of programs aimed at manipulating public members of the US intelligence community created "stay-behind" opinion through intelligence agencies, think-tanks, corporate armies in many of the nations of Europe. Those armies managed media and a host of non-governmental to infiltrate the highest levels of politics organisations designed to engender fear, (most notably in Italy, where the term Gladio division and uncertainty in the public. refers to a double-edged sword) and have Media manipulation involving the been held responsible for numerous false-flag artificial framing of our collective reality is terrorist acts through the 1980s and 1990s. often a hit or miss proposition, but Terror and propaganda often go hand in hand psychological operations have been carried out in the past and are being carried out even in the extremist elements within our military and intelligence communities. The media elite today through the practices of "information are the watchdogs To counter the divisions within the warfare" directed at enemies abroad and at intelligence community, a greater voice was the American people. of acceptable given to organisations, formal and informal. According to Mary C. FitzGerald of the ideological messages, In the ‘1950s, one such group, the first Hudson Institute, new-concept weapons, Committee on the Present Danger (CPD), such as laser, electromagnetic, plasma, the controllers of promulgated a series of "gap crises". The climatic, genetic and biotechnological, are news and information Bomber Gap, the Missile Gap, the Space driving the modernisation of national Gap, and the Brainwashing and defence. The potential for these content, and the Psychotronic Gap were used to justify bad deserves a great dea of attention, ISG LuEL Cle spending, Congress as leo believe but there is little to be found in the regarding media that the Soviets were a much greater media or discussed by the US resources threat than they actually were, and that administration. The media are complicit in omitting the information necessary to make democratic decisions. A_ global dominance agenda includes penetration into the boardrooms of the corporate media in the United States. A research team at Sonoma State University, California, recently finished a terrifying new weapon was being developed that threatened America. They were thus convinced to vote for virtually any black-budget proposal that came their way. The CPD rana series of broadcasts to the public through the Mutual Broadcasting Network that spread fear in the minds of the public. conducting a network analysis of the boards of directors of the 10 big Under the first civilian CIA director, Allen Welsh Dulles, the media organisations in the US and determined that only 118 people | Company began to push forward with its agenda of manufacturing comprise the membership on the boards of these media giants. consent from the American people for a new state of perpetual These 118 individuals in turn sit on the corporate boards of 288 war industrialisation. Dulles was a well-connected individual, a national and international corporations. Four of the top 10 media successful spy for the OSS in Switzerland during the war, related corporations in the US have Department of Defense (DoD) to three secretaries of state, and the chief adviser to Dewey when contractors on their boards of directors, including William Kennard __he ran for president in 1948. Dulles had access to the highest (New York Times, Carlyle Group), Douglas Warner III (GE [NBC], echelons of policy-making and his influence was global in scope, Bechtel), John Bryson (Disney [ABC], Boeing), Alwyn Lewis counting among his close friends Henry Luce, publisher of Time. (Disney [ABC], Halliburton), and Douglas McCorkindale (Gannett, Relying heavily upon established circles of contacts within the Lockheed Martin). nation's media elites, Dulles recruited key members of the media Given an interlocked media network, big media in the US to work directly for the CIA under Operation Mockingbird—a effectively represent corporate America's interests. The media psychological information campaign against the American people. elite, a key component of policy elites in the US, are the In a campaign that would lead to acceptance of blanket secrecy watchdogs of acceptable ideological messages, the controllers of for "national security", the "Red Scare" became the excuse for news and information content, and the decision-makers regarding spending vast sums of money on weapons systems and an media resources. increase in covert operations both in foreign countries and within are the watchdogs of acceptable ideological messages, the controllers of content, and the decision-makers resources. APRIL — MAY 2007 NEXUS +13 The media elite news and information regarding media www.nexusmagazine.com