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In 1997, they received funding from conservative foundations the American homeland, the ability to wage simultaneous to create the Project for the New American Century (PNAC). theatre wars and perform global constabulary roles, and the HCPE advocates for a US-led "New World Order" along with control of space and cyberspace. It claimed that the 1990s was a Reagan-—Bush hardliners and other military expansionists decade of defence neglect and that the US must increase military founded the PNAC in June 1997. Their Statement of Principles spending to preserve American geopolitical leadership as the called for the need to guide principles for American foreign world's superpower. The report claimed that in order to policy and the creation of a strategic vision for America's role in maintain a Pax Americana, potential rivals—such as China, the world. PNAC members set forth their aims with the Iran, Iraq and North Korea—needed to be held in check. The following statement: report also recognised that "the process of transformation...is "e we need to increase defense spending significantly if we are likely to be a long one, absent some catastrophic and catalyzing to carry out our global responsibilities today and modernize our event such as a new Pearl Harbor". The events of September armed forces for the future; 11, 2001, were exactly the kind of catastrophe that the authors of "e we need to strengthen our ties to democratic allies and to "Rebuilding America's Defenses" theorised was needed to challenge regimes hostile to our interests accelerate a global dominance agenda. and values; Before 9/11, the development of strategic "* we need to promote the cause of global dominance policies was likely to be political and economic freedom abroad; challenged by members of Congress and "* we need to accept responsibility for liberal HCPEs, who continued to hold a America's unique role in preserving and détente foreign policy frame of extending an international order friendly to understanding that had been traditionally our security, our prosperity, and our advocated by the Council on Foreign principles. Relations and the State Department. "Such a Reaganite policy of military The events of Liberal and moderate HCPEs in various strength and moral clarity may not be September 11, 2001, think-tanks, policy councils and universities fashionable today. But it is necessary if th A still hoped for a peace dividend resulting i United States is to build on the successes of | Were exactly the Kind | jo\.er taxes and the stabilisation of social this past century and to ensure our security of catastrophe that the programs, and the maintenance of a foreign and our greatness in the next."”” " ai policy based more on a balance of power The statement was signed by Elliott authors of Rebuilding instead of unilateral US military global America's Defenses Abrams, Gary Bauer, William J. domination. Bennett, Jeb Bush, Dick Cheney, Eliot theorised was needed Additionally, many HCPEs were to accelerate a global A. Cohen, Midge Decter, Paula worried that the costs of rapidly dominance agenda. Dobriansky, Steve Forbes, Aaron expanding the military would lead to Friedberg, Francis Fukuyama, Frank deficit spending. These Gaffney, Fred C. Ikle, Donald Kagan, liberal/moderate HCPEs were so Zalmay Khalilzad, I. Lewis Libby, shocked by 9/11 that they became Norman Podhoretz, Dan Quayle, Peter immediately united in their fear of W. Rodman, Stephen P. Rosen, Henry terrorism and in full support of the S. Rowen, Donald Rumsfeld, Vin Patriot Act, Homeland Security and Weber, George Weigel and Paul legislation to support military action Wolfowitz. Of the 25 founders of in Afghanistan and later Iraq. The PNAC, 12 were later appointed to resulting permanent war on terror led high-level positions in the George W. to massive government spending and Bush administration.* the rapid acceleration of the neo- Since its founding, the PNAC has conservative HCPE plans for military attracted numerous others who have signed policy letters or control of the world.* participated in the group. Within the PNAC, eight have been affiliated with the number-one defence contractor Lockheed Understanding Global Dominance Advocates in HCPEs Martin and seven with the number-three defence contractor Benefiting significantly from expanded military spending Northrop Grumman.” PNAC is one of several institutions that after 9/11 was a group of Department of Defense and Homeland connect global dominance HCPEs and large US military Security contractors. For the purposes of this study, we contractors.” included in our study group the top seven military contractors In September 2000, PNAC produced a 76-page report entitled who derive at least one-third of their income from DoD "Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategy, Forces and contracts. Additionally, we added in The Carlyle Group and Resources for a New Century".*! The report is similar to the Bechtel Group Inc. because of their high levels of political "Defense Policy Guidance" document written by Lewis Libby influence and revolving-door personnel within the Reagan and and Paul Wolfowitz in 1992. This is not surprising, in that Bush I and II administrations (see appendix A for list of top 20 Libby and Wolfowitz were participants in the production of the DoD contractors).** These corporations have benefited 2000 PNAC report. Steven Cambone, Dov Zakheim, Mark significantly from post-9/11 policies. Our goals are to identify Lagan and David Epstein were also heavily involved. Each of the primary advocates for a global dominance policy within the these individuals would go on to hold high-level positions in the HCPEs and the principal beneficiaries of this policy. We George W. Bush administration.” believe that, by identifying the most important policy advocates "Rebuilding America's Defenses" called for the protection of and those corporate heads who have the most to gain from a The events of | September 11, 2001, were exactly the kind of catastrophe that the authors of "Rebuilding America's Defenses" Understanding Global Dominance Advocates in HCPEs Benefiting significantly from expanded military spending after 9/11 was a group of Department of Defense and Homeland Security contractors. For the purposes of this study, we included in our study group the top seven military contractors who derive at least one-third of their income from DoD contracts. Additionally, we added in The Carlyle Group and Bechtel Group Inc. because of their high levels of political influence and revolving-door personnel within the Reagan and Bush I and II administrations (see appendix A for list of top 20 DoD contractors).** These corporations have benefited significantly from post-9/11 policies. Our goals are to identify the primary advocates for a global dominance policy within the HCPEs and the principal beneficiaries of this policy. We believe that, by identifying the most important policy advocates and those corporate heads who have the most to gain from a 28 = NEXUS theorised was needed to accelerate a global dominance agenda. control of the world.* www.nexusmagazine.com OCTOBER — NOVEMBER 2006