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10) In addition to day, week, seasonal, annual and synodic cycles, curiously the number of days in a Venus synodic period. counts, the series contains key Venus transit data. All of these numbers, except the last one, are found in the table. 11) Successive transits of Venus occur in curious alternating 18) Multiples of the lunar months were sometimes used for patterns of 105 and 122 years. It is found that the first number is long-range calculations. Comparison of Classical lunar ages in the interval between the 1769 and 1874 transits and the last is the Palenque monuments with the mythological lunar age from the number between the 1882 and 2004 transits. Temple of the Sun suggests that the latter was calculated using the 12) However, on examination of the intervals between the formula 81 Moons = 2,392 days. This gives an average length of 1874 and 2004 transits, the difference is 130 years, the 10th num- the lunar month of 29.53086, accurate to within seven minutes. ber in the series which also represents the number of days in half The 184th number in the base-13 series is 2,392. of the sacred year. 19) Twenty-three Venus Round cycles correlates exactly with 13) Now many more relevant numbers are found in the pro- 2,392 years. gression. There is a +1 relationship between the 104-year synodic 20) Some Mayan inscriptions show a count back to a day that cycle and the 105-year period that sepa- starts a cycle that has a period of 819 rates certain transits, i.e., the 1526-1631 days. For example, on Lintels 29 and and 1769-1874 transits. 30 at Yaxchildn, there is a date 14) There is also a +1 relationship to . os 9.13.17.12.10 8 Ok 13 Yax. It then the number 364—the 28th number is the This would indicate that an records than on a day 397 days before it series and the number of days in a solar (recorded 1.1.17), an 819-day cycle year (365). (It is considered 364 is the age has been completed and begins on 9.13.16.10.13 1 Ben 1 Ch'en. accounting year and 360 the ideal year.) anew cycle of solar output Each 819-day cycle is part of a larger It is also found that a 364-year interval H cycle of 3,276 days when an 819-day separates the 1518 and 1882 transits. will ensue after 201 2. cycle again starts with the same colour Additionally, the 18th number in the and direction. The 63rd number in the series (234) also has a +1 relationship to series is 819. transits since 235 years is a common 21) There are of course much longer interval that is found separating the 1526- periods in the Mayan calendar system 1761 and 1769-2004 transits. including the sum of the Long Count cycle or period of one Sun, 15) There are 38 thirteen-year periods in 494 years and the represented as 5,200 years. Since there were five suns in this sys- solar eclipse occurs 26 times in 494 years. In addition, 494 is the tem, that would equal, on an ideal basis, a Great Cycle of 26,000 38th number of the series and the number of years between the years—the precession of the equinoxes equals 25,920 years. 1518 and 2012 transits. (The latter is a crucial cycle.) 22) A full base-13 read out would end with 26,000. I think that 16) A day on Venus is equal to 243 Earth days and 243 years if regressed back through the preceding Sun cycles, the 2012 tran- separate the 1526 and 1769 transits. There are 365 days in an sit is the culmination of two 13,000-year periods. These would be Earth year and 365 years separate the 1639 and 2004 transits. divided in half, the first in the ice age and the second half in the 17) Why was the number 260 chosen for the Tzolkin? I think — current interglacial. This would indicate that an age has been that the selection came out of the root-13 progression because it completed and a new cycle of solar output will ensue after 2012. reflects astronomical relationships. The table generates the key That year is the cosmic realignment as author John Major Jenkins numbers of the solar, sacred (Venus) synodic and transit cycles. has pointed out. Though I do not dispute that theory, I do ques- In the 104-year Venus Round there were 65 synodic periods, that tion the claim that it is the focus of the calendar system, which would mean that in 416 years (4 Rounds) there would be 260 syn- actually tabulates the cycles and relationships of the Sun, Earth odic cycles of Venus. That would also equate to 584 Tzolkin and planets. About the Author: Astronomical Tables: Ancient Mexico, Science, Vol. 181 (Sept. 7, 1973), pp. Will Hart is a freelance journalist, see 939-940; and "A Reconstruction of the author, nature photographer and docu- _http://www.earthmatrix.com/serie01/REC Chronology of Mesoamerican mentary filmmaker. His previous arti- K01.htm Calendrical Systems," Journal of the cles on archaeological cover-ups and 3. Robert Peden, 2004, The Mayan History of Astronomy, Vol. 9 (1978), pp. dissent in science were published in Calendar — Why 260 Days?, see 105-116. NEXUS 9/03 and 9/04 respectively. His _http://)www.spiderorchid.com/mesoamer- _ Barbara Tedlock, "Time and the book entitled The Genesis Race: Our ica/mesoamerica.htm Highland Maya", University of New Extraterrestrial DNA and the True Mexico Press, (Revised Edition) 1992 Origins of the Species, (Bear and Reference Books and Papers - John Teeple. "Maya Astronomy". Company, USA, 2003) was reviewed in + Michael Coe, "Native Astronomy in Carnegie Institution of Washington, NEXUS 11/01. Mesoamerica," in Archaeoastronomy in Publication 403, Contribution 2 (1930), Pre-Columbian America (ed. Anthony pp. 94-98. This was confirmed by J.E.S. Endnotes Aveni), Univ. of Texas Press (1975) Thompson in Maya Hieroglyphic 1. Adrian Gilbert & Maurice Cottrell, + David Kelley, "Mayan Astronomy and = Writing: An Introduction. Carnegie 1996, The Mayan Prophecies: Astronomical Glyphs," in Mesoamerican __|nstitution of Washington, Publication Unlocking the Secrets of a Lost Writing Systems, ed. Elizabeth Benson, 589 (1950), pp. 226-227. Civilization, Element Books Ltd Dumbarton Oaks (1973). J. Eric S. Thompson, "The Rise and Fall 2. Charles William Johnson, 1995, The - Vincent Malmstrom, "Origin of the of Maya Civilization" (Univ. of Integer (20) Calendar Reckoning and Mesoamerican 260-Day Calendar," Oklahoma Press), (1974), pp. 148-149. age has been completed and a new cycle of solar output will ensue after 2012. see http://www.earthmatrix.com/serie01/REC K0O1.htm 3. Robert Peden, 2004, The Mayan Calendar — Why 260 Days?, see http://www.spiderorchid.com/mesoamer- ica/mesoamerica.htm 56 + NEXUS JUNE — JULY 2005 This would indicate that an www.nexusmagazine.com