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just for astronomical or mathematical purposes or functions. that three of these eclipse half-years equal two Tzolkin cycles: Twenty-eight days is the average length of time between female (173.3 x 3) = (260 x 2) = 520 days. The number 520 is the 40th menstrual periods; thirteen years is the average age it takes to number in the series. reach puberty. The lunar calendar was keyed into important phys- Here note that the importance of the number 364 is confirmed iological rhythms and so it can be inferred that the 260-day calen- in the Codex Borgia and on the Aztec sunstone. The number of dar was also aimed at an average of the gestation cycle and the calendar pictures on the first four double pages of the Codex orbital phases of Venus as well. The number 13 is a synthetic equals 364 when the top and bottom borders (104 pictures) are number as are its multiples 26 and 260, meaning they embody included in the count. They are obviously part of the calendar— average and exact numbers of many natural rhythms and cycles. this is confirmed by using independent astronomical data—but it One logical fallacy that has prevented understanding of the is important to this argument to establish that all of these numbers number 13 and the astronomical table it generates has been to were known and used by the ancients. On each double page there look for one cycle that it and/or the number 260 represented. are 91 picture frames which when multiplied by four equals 364. Crucial to deciphering and fully understanding the base-13 This number of days is exactly the same as in the calendar of series and the way the Maya conceived of their mathematical and stones shown in the pictographs. Here it can be confirmed that calendar systems is to grasp that it is an additive series based on the numbers found in the table were understood and factored into synthesising whole number relationships. That is how the the calendar by the Aztecs (Maya). I propose that the ‘accounting’ ancients integrated and manipulated their complex calendars with- year was really the matrix number that the combined calendars out decimals or advanced formulas. They were fixed on and correlated to annually. were aware of the precise values of planetary There was also another much longer cycles; but those could not be factored into a accounting period comprised of 1508 set of whole numbers that could be easily years—that number is in the same column as manipulated and then adjusted into align- 52 and 364 down 15 rows. ment over time. These numbers are clearly identified in the It is clear that the base-13 series contains The Mayan system not base-13 table and embedded in the solar and the key numbers to use to track and integrate . age lunar systems and in the pyramid of solar, lunar and Venus cycles. It includes only justified the solar Kukulkan. They are all multiples of the root the principal numbers of days, weeks, and lunar calendar number. ; months and years. The number 91 is the 7th alignments based upon a Even in terms of our modern calendar the in the series. This is the number of approxi- first four numbers in the series are embedded mate days in a season (4 x 91 = 364). Once year of 364 days +1 ; it in it: there are four seasons of 13 weeks, 26 again the +1 relationship is used to obtain 2 is a half-year, 39 weeks is three-quarters of a the solar year. Clearly, the Maya were configured the lunar year and 4 x 13 = 52 weeks. aware that the table was based upon calendar ona daily and There is simply no escaping the root- monthly basis as a series average and vague, yet close approxi- 13 value as being the synthesis number mations of the real numbers, which is when it comes to astronomical cycles. of movements of 13 degrees each. the effective way to manage a complex timekeeping system. That said, we are basically, at least on one level, in the same relationship they were in terms of accuracy of real astronomical numbers versus our calen- dar numbers. We know the precise val- ues yet our calendar is not exact on an annual accounting basis. So how could a table be better synthesised with such the Calendar Round, which occurred a broad range of astronomical, numeri- every 52 years. The Calendar Round cal and other data? It must be kept in mind that calendars serve represented the convergence of the 260 and 365-day calendars. critical social, civic and religious functions and no civilisation can Fifty-two years is 18,980 days, the smallest number divisible by evolve without accurate timekeeping and management over short the 260 and 365. and long-range periods. Mayan astronomers knew that the synodic period of Venus was The Mayan system not only justified the solar and lunar calen- approximately 584 days. The 104-year period encompasses the dar alignments based upon a year of 364 days +1, it configured sacred and solar calendars and since it is 37,960 days, it is the the lunar calendar on a daily and monthly basis as a series of smallest number that is divisible by 260, 365 and 584. The 104- movements of 13 degrees each. The sacred calendar, as noted year cycle was called the Venus Round. This period was equiva- above, had a +104-day relationship to the solar (Haab) and lunar lent to 146 sacred (Tzolkin) cycles and 65 Venus synodic cycles. calendar as far as the annual cycle of all three. This shows that It has already been established that 65 is the fifth number in the these are matrix numbers that represent different lengths of time series. Now it is clearly seen that the table encompasses (Earth) depending on the context. It could be 104 days when the sacred years and synodic (Venus) period relationships. VENUS Earth's sister planet is the central planetary relationship that the calendar system revolves around. The choice of the number 104 at the end of the first row of the series may appear to be an arbitrary number but it is not. One hundred and four years coincides with year was compared to the accounting year, or 104 years when the According to independent researcher Robert Peden, "It is con- sacred, civil and Venus calendars were synchronised and readjust- —_jectured that this coincidence—that 104 years is the natural and ed every 37,960 days (104 years). optimum time to correct both the solar and Venus calendars—is The astronomical eclipse year is 173.3 days. This period of time the basis for the Mesoamerican Calendar Round"? is the interval between half eclipse half years. It just so happens At this juncture, significance is turned to the orbital relationship The Mayan system not only justified the solar _ and lunar calendar degrees each. 54 = NEXUS JUNE — JULY 2005 of movements of 13 www.nexusmagazine.com