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A CONNECTION BETWEEN GRAVITATION AND OTHER INTERACTIONS by Professor Dr Claus W. Turtur © 24 June 2003 But in these calculations, the rest mass of | Formulated the other way around, if we the quarks has to be included. If we follow know the fields produced by a particle, the thought of mass-energy equivalence _ then we can trace back to its mass. consequently to its very end, we want to This approach is not new. Feynman told explain the mass of elementary particles _ of different efforts to explain the mass of completely by the energy contained within _ the electron by its electric field. He con- interacting and binding fields. cluded that electrodynamics runs into diffi- In this sense, we regard elementary culties within this attempt. The problem is particles as objects which produce some _ the same with classical electrodynamics fields; e.g., a field of Coulomb interaction, following Maxwell, as it is with modern or weak interaction or strong interaction, as | quantum electrodynamics. Feynman even the case may be, or even more than one of described some attempts to modify these fields at the same time. Each of these Maxwell's theory, none of which can get fields contains some given amount of __ free of problems and contradictions. energy—and exactly these energies should In my work, I demonstrate that it is be able to explain the total mass of the indeed possible to explain the whole mass particular elementary particle. Each of the electron completely by its field's particle can then be understood simply as a__ energy, as soon as all fields of the electron source of fields in space. are taken into account—that is, the electro- In the case of binding-energy, we _ static field and the magnetic field. Putting observe a comparatively high density of both of them into a calculation (what energy in the volume very close to the Feynman did not do), I can easily explain bonded particles, but their fields the mass of the electron. compensate each other with increasing Together with the models of Feynman distance from the bonded field centres. (and others), my model assumes a spherical Seen this way, the nature of all mass is _ electron, but its speciality is that the elec- thus nothing else other than the manifesta- tron has to perform a rotation with all its tion of energy of the fields produced by — surface elements moving with the speed of field centres, or "elementary particles". In light. This absolute value of speed is a quantum- or field-theoretical view, the somehow similar to the assumptions of mass can be understood as the manifesta- | some works of the California Institute of tion of the produced interaction quanta. Physics and Astrophysics (CIPA), but the Abstract bjects of physics (for instance, ele- mentary particles) are connected with each other by so-called funda- mental interactions. Science knows four such interactions: 1) gravitation, 2) elec- tromagnetic interaction, 3) strong interac- tion, and 4) weak interaction. In my arti- cle, I demonstrate how gravitation can be derived as a consequence of the other three interactions and on which way gravitation can be calculated from knowledge of the other three interactions. In the overview, the basic facts of the model can be sum- marised as follows: In theory, the fundamental interactions can be described by means of fields or by interaction quanta. Both of them (fields as well as interaction quanta) contain a certain and well-defined amount of energy. Based on this energy, I developed what can be called the concept of the "interac- tion-based understanding of mass", with the following idea: summation of all ener- gies of the interactions 2-4 in our enumera- tion above can be regarded as the total energy of a particle. According to Einstein's mass-energy equivalence, this energy can explain the total mass of the particle. The speciality of the concept is the fact that it can be applied to models within classical physics as well as to approaches based on quantum physics, such as quantumelectrodynamics or quan- tumchromodynamics. From this point of view, we come to a possible understanding of the nature of elementary particles as sources of fields or interaction quanta. Introduction/Basic Idea Attempts to explain the origin of the mass of elementary particles by the energy of interactions are widespread; e.g., the example of the explanation of the mass of hadrons on the basis of binding-energy keeping quarks together is well known. — Sant NEXUS + 43 FEBRUARY — MARCH 2004 www.nexusmagazine.com