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a fever can dramatically improve immune function, resolving a Proteases (proteolytic enzymes) are known to mediate the fever more quickly. defence mechanisms of the body and maintain homoeostasis. It is A fever's typical temperature range of 99-105°F theorised that proteolytic and other enzymes work in two ways as 37.22-40.56°C] is at the high end of plant enzymes' optimal tem- part of the body's immune system. Firstly, orally ingested erature range. Throughout a fever, enzymes in blood and tissue enzymes are believed to be marked by the body as "self" and, like increase as defence mechanisms and for the removal of waste. the character in the video game "Packman™", are capable of Moreover, they are used up at a much faster rate. A fever is the digesting foreign proteins in the body that are "not-self". This body's way of destroying pathogenic micro-organisms through would include foreign protein in the form of undigested food rem- eat and increased enzyme activity. nants, bacteria, viruses and other micro-organisms. Secondly, $s a process where macrophages surround and exogenous enzymes taken away from food are thought to be engulf pathogens. They secrete enzymes which digest the invad- absorbed across the intestinal lumen and transferred into the ing pathogen. Referring to digestive leukocytosis, when cooked blood, where white blood cells uptake them to be used in a variety food remnants cross the brush border of the intestine into the of activities. lood, leukocytes are activated to find and finish digesting those Numerous studies have been conducted in enzyme research that food components in the blood. When this occurs repeatedly over _—_ point to the benefits of exogenous enzyme therapy in many time and from one generation to the next, the results are compro- immune system-related diseases. Allergies, cancers, so-called mised immune systems. This is due to the loss of enzymes from auto-immune diseases, HIV and other viral diseases, bacterial white blood cells, which sacrifice them for digesting the food we infections and fungus/yeast infestations have all been shown to be eat. Note that Dr Pottenger's cats study showed an increase in dis- helped by enzyme therapy.”***-” ease from one generation to the next, and that cancer rates have In the event of allergies, enzymes break down the allergen/anti- continued to soar despite the "War on Cancer". body complex, splitting it away from surrounding tissue when After researching library archives on the clinical use of involved. Enzymes then break down the allergen into smaller enzymes as far back as the early 1900s, specifically the work of | components capable of being eliminated without stressing the Dr John Beard and later that of Dr Howell, this author cannot help body. Airborne allergens typically contain both protein and poly- but ask the following questions: What if one of the pancreas's saccharide (complex sugar) structures. After entering the blood- chief roles is that of an "immune" gland as well as a digestive stream, they normally are cleaved by enzymes secreted from one? What if Dr Beard's observations of the pancreas-producing white blood cells. In an allergic reaction, however, there may not enzymes destroying pre-cancerous cells (trophoplasts) are be enough enzymes available from white blood cells to do the correct? One study investigated the stimulation of "digestive work, leaving the mast cells and basophils to release histamine. enzymes" of the pancreas of rabbits after exposure to histamine.” There occurs the typical allergic reaction of runny nose, swollen Histamine is one of the major components of the inflammatory itchy eyes, pain, heat and redness in the area of reaction. Ina response in mammals. study from Germany, enzymes were shown to split circulating Is it possible that the term "digestive enzymes" in this case is immune complexes as measured in decreased values in blood and incorrect? Are enzymes produced by such a reaction necessarily improvement of clinical symptoms.” digestive, or are they responding to resolve the inflammation? Several attempts have been made in using protease enzymes for Enzymes are known to speed the process of inflammation, thereby patients with coeliac disease, but with little success. It had been resolving it more rapidly.*"*****5_ If the pancreas responds to thought that the gliadin protein structure of many grains such as istamine by producing enzymes, could they be for healing the wheat, rye, barley and oats was to blame for the violent reactions damaged tissue and stabilising the mast cells and basophils that suffered by patients. In a study on coeliac disease, the carbohy- released the histamine in the first place? drate portion was removed with carbohydrases, resulting in total References 5. Kouchakoff, P., "The influence of food cooking 13. Vainio, S., Ikonen, E.; "Macrophage * Beazell, J.M. et al., "A Reexamination of the on the blood formula of man", Proceedings: First cholesterol transport: a critical player in foam cell Role of the Stomach in the Digestion of International Congress of Microbiology, Paris, formation", Ann. Med. 35(3):146-55 (2003) Carbohydrate and Protein", Am. J. Physiology 1930, translation by Lee Foundation for Nutritional 14, Llorente, V., Badimon, L., "Cellular and 132:42-50 (1941) ~ Research Milwaukee, WI, USA molecular bases of cholesterol accumulation in the ols vail 2), foram hit, ANTeray 6. Loomis, H.F., Jr, Enzymes: The Key to Health vascular wall and its contribution to the progres- Baits, Ila Temey 1985 - Volume I: The Fundamentals, 21st Century sion of atherosclerotic lesion", Rev. Esp. Cardiol. ° ’ Nutrition, Madison, WI, USA, 1999 51(8):663-41 (1998 Aug) 7. Blonstein, J.L., "Oral enzyme tablets in the 15. von Eckardstein, A., "Cholesterol efflux from Endnotes ; treatment of boxing injuries", The Practitioner macrophages and other cells", Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 1. Flaherty, JA, Richman, JA, "Substance use 198:547-48 (1967 Apr) 7(5):308-19 (1996 Oct) and addiction among medical students, residents, 8. Buck, J.E., Phillips, N., "Trial of Chymoral in 16. Hall, D., Zajac, A., Cox, R., Spanswick, J., and physicians", Psychiatr. Clin. North. Am. professional footballers", Brit. J. Clin. Prac. "The effect of enzyme therapy on plasma lipid 16(1):189-97 (1993 Mar) 24(9):375-77 (1970 Sep) levels in the elderly", Atherosclerosis 43:209-15 2 Wolfgang, A-P., "Substance abuse potential and 9, Boyne, P.S., Medhurst, H., "Oral anti-inflam- (1982) job stress: a study of pharmacists, physicians and matory enzyme therapy in injuries in professional _17, Setiili, K., "The promise of enzymes in nurses”, J. Pharm. Mark. Manage. 3(4):97-110 footballers", The Practitioner 198:543-46 (1967) therapy of hyperlipidemia", Med. Hyp. 20:287-315 (1989) 10. Loomis, ibid. (1986) ; . 3. Rosvold, E.O., Vaglum, P., Moum, T., "Use of 11, Loomis, ibid. 18. Bergkvist, R., Svard, P.O., "Studies on the minor tranquilizers among Norwegian physicians. 12, Nakamura, R., Ohta, T., Ikeda, Y., Matsuda, thrombolytic activity Gin protease am A nation-wide comparative study", Soc. Sci. Med. I, "LDL inhibits the mediation of cholesterol Aspergillus oryzae", Acta Physiol. Scand. 60:363- 46(4-5):581-90 (1998 Feb-Mar) efflux from macrophage foam cells by apoA- 71 (1964) 4, Pert, Candace B., Molecules of Emotion: The L-containing lipoproteins. A putative mechanism 19. Kiessling, H., Svensson, R., "Influence of an Science Behind Mind-Body Medicine, Touchstone, _ for foam cell formation", Arterioscler. Thromb. 1999, Simon & Shuster, New York, 1997 13(9):1307-16 (1993 Sep) Continued on page 28 NEXUS = 27 FEBRUARY — MARCH 2004 www.nexusmagazine.com