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Map 5: The west coast supersonic turbojet test route superimposed over the locations where the most intensive category of BSE clusters surfaced in the UK during 1986-1996. 0.12 - 0.5 cases of BSE (Source: Prof. R. S. Morris, Evidence to the BSE Inquiry, 14 Oct 1999) 100-km-wide carpet of acoustic shock-waves is left in their wake, whether the aircraft are flying subsonically or supersonically. Racing pigeons which have flown into this shock carpet have failed to return home, having permanently lost their sense of mag- netic orientation. Some interesting epidemiological data on BSE clusters was first presented to the BSE Inquiry by Dr Richard Morris, an epidemiol- ogist from New Zealand. He showed that the most intensive clus- ters of BSE had always appeared on the extreme tips of the cop- per-deficient west coast peninsulas in the UK. How could this pattern relate to MBM feeding? Intriguingly, the well-used west coast route for supersonic mili- tary and Concorde aircraft runs precisely over these BSE hotspot locations. It is perhaps no surprise that the infrasonic environs of Staten Island and Long Island in the USA—both under the flight paths of John F. Kennedy Airport where Concorde and other aircraft take off and land—have demonstrated the highest incidence cluster of traditional CJD in the USA. The pattern of emergence of both traditional and new variant TSE clusters in rural/coastal areas, as opposed to urban areas, sub- stantiates well the hypothesis of an environmental origin. For rural/coastal ecosystems have become increasingly exposed to a toxic combination of manganese-based fertilisers/fungicides, cop- per-chelating pesticide sprays as well as the infrasound resulting from the overflights of low-flying turbojet aircraft that have been prohibited over urban areas of high population density. Furthermore, this geographical pattern of TSE emergence helps to dispel the myth that CJD arises from ingestion of TSE-affected animal products, since meat products are consumed equally by urban and rural populations alike. Bibliography NB: For additional references, please refer to the "Cattle Practice” article on the scientific pages of Mark Purdey's website, http://www.markpurdey.com. * Purdey M. Ecosystems supporting clusters of sporadic TSEs demon- strate excesses of the radical-generating divalent cation manganese and deficiencies of antioxidant co-factors Cu, Se, Fe, Zn. Does a foreign cation substitution at Prp's Cu domain initiate TSE? Medical Hypotheses 2000 54(2):278-306. ¢ Purdey M. Does an ultraviolet photo-oxidisation of the manganese- loaded/copper-depleted prion protein in the retina initiate the pathogene- sis of TSE? Medical Hypotheses 2001 57(1):29-45. * Purdey M. The Mn-loaded/Cu-depleted bovine brain fails to neutralise incoming shock-bursts of low-frequency infrasound. The origins of BSE? Cattle Practice October 2002 10(4):311-325. * Brown D, Hafiz F, Glassmith L, et al. Consequences of manganese replacement of copper for prion protein function and proteinase resis- tance. EMBO J 2000 19(6):1180-1186. * Gordon I, Abdulla EM, Campbell IC, Whatley SA. Phosmet induces up-regulation of surface levels of cellular prion protein. Neuroreport 1998 9(7):1391-1395. * Wong BS, Chen SG, Colucci M, Xie Z, Pan T, Liu T, Sy MS, Gambetti P, Brown DR. Aberrant metal binding by prion protein in human prion disease. J Neurochem 2001 78:1400-1408. Geographical distribution of places of residence at onset of vCJD cases Daily commercial flight paths Special charter flight destinations Map 4: Flight paths of Concorde supersonic aircraft to and from London and Paris airports and to Barcelona and the Middle East. About the Author: Mark Purdey is a traditional mixed family farmer in the UK who suc- cessfully defeated the UK government's compulsory insecticide treatment order in the High Court of London in 1984. He writes, lectures and broadcasts on environmental health issues, whilst pio- neering global ecodetective investigations into the causes of brain disorders, such as BSE. Mark's analytical studies have identified some "common toxic denominators" involved in the cause of BSE, and his published hypothesis is currently gaining support from stud- ies conducted at US, Japanese and European universities. The full text of Mark's article can be found on his website, http://www.markpurdey.com. It was originally published as "Educating Rida"—"Rida" being the Icelandic term for transmissible spongiform disease (TSE). 32 = NEXUS APRIL — MAY 2003 Continued next issue www.nexusmagazine.com