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A Brief History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict Arafat left Camp David with enhanced the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. For a stature among his constituents because he _ brief period, these demonstrations spread Barak proclaimed his "red lines": Israel did not yield to American and Israeli pres- _ into Palestinian towns inside Israel. would not return to its pre-1967 borders; sure. Barak returned home to face political In relative terms, the second intifada is East Jerusalem with its 175,000 Jewish set- crisis within his own government, including already bloodier than the first. As in the tlers would remain under Israeli sovereign- the abandonment of coalition partners who previous intifada, Palestinians threw stones ty; Israel would annex settlement blocs in felt he had offered the Palestinians too and Molotov cocktails at Israeli soldiers, the West Bank containing some 80 per cent much. However, the Israeli taboo on dis- who responded with rubber-coated steel bul- of the 180,000 Jewish settlers; and Israel cussing the future of Jerusalem was broken. lets and live ammunition. But both sides would accept no legal or moral responsibili- Many Israelis began to realise for the first have employed greater force than in ty for the creation of the Palestinian refugee time that they might never achieve peace if 1987-1991. problem. they insisted on imposing their terms on the The militant wing of Fatah, which has The Palestinians, in accord with UN Palestinians. coordinated many street actions, now has a Security Council Resolution 242 and their substantial cache of small arms and has fired understanding of the spirit of the Oslo THE SECOND INTIFADA often on Israeli troops. The Israeli military Declaration of Principles, sought Israeli The deeply flawed "peace process" initiat- Tesponse escalated dramatically after two withdrawal from the vast majority of the ed at Oslo, combined with the daily frustra- soldiers, allegedly “lost" in the PA- West Bank and the Gaza Strip, including tions and humiliations inflicted upon controlled West Bank town of Ramallah, East Jerusalem, and recognition of an inde- Palestinians in the occupied territories, con- were killed on October 12 by a Palestinian pendent state in those territories. verged to ignite a second intifada beginning mob returning from the funeral of an The distance between the two parties, jn late September 2000. unarmed young man whom soldiers had especially on the issues of Jerusalem and On September 28, Likud leader Ariel shot dead the day before. The IDF attacked refugees, made it impossible to reach an Sharon visited the Noble Sanctuary (Temple PA installations in Ramallah, Gaza and agreement at the Camp David summit meet- Mount) in the company of 1,000 armed elsewhere with helicopter gunships and ing in July 2000. Although Barak offered a guards. In the context of July's tense negoti- missiles. Subsequently, the IDF has not far more extensive Israeli withdrawal from ations over Jerusalem's holy places and always waited for Israelis to die before the West Bank than any other Israeli leader Sharon's well-known call for Israeli annexa- answering Palestinian small arms fire with had publicly considered, he insisted on _ tion of East Jerusalem, this move provoked tank shells and artillery, including the maintaining Israeli sovereignty over East large Palestinian protests in Jerusalem. shelling of civilian neighbourhoods in the Jerusalem. This was unacceptable to the Israeli soldiers killed six unarmed protest- West Bank and Gaza. Palestinians and to most of the Muslim ers, These killings inaugurated over a For these actions and the use of live world. month of demonstrations and clashes across ammunition to control demonstrations of Barak proclaimed his "red lines": Israel would not return to its pre-1967 borders; East Jerusalem with its 175,000 Jewish set- tlers would remain under Israeli sovereign- ty; Israel would annex settlement blocs in the West Bank containing some 80 per cent of the 180,000 Jewish settlers; and Israel would accept no legal or moral responsibili- ty for the creation of the Palestinian refugee problem. The Palestinians, in accord with UN Security Council Resolution 242 and their understanding of the spirit of the Oslo Declaration of Principles, sought Israeli withdrawal from the vast majority of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, including East Jerusalem, and recognition of an inde- pendent state in those territories. The distance between the two parties, especially on the issues of Jerusalem and refugees, made it impossible to reach an agreement at the Camp David summit meet- ing in July 2000. Although Barak offered a far more extensive Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank than any other Israeli leader had publicly considered, he insisted on maintaining Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem. This was unacceptable to the Palestinians and to most of the Muslim world. THE SECOND INTIFADA often on Israeli troops. The Israeli military Declaration of Principles, sought Israeli The deeply flawed "peace process" initiat- Tesponse escalated dramatically after two withdrawal from the vast majority of the ed at Oslo, combined with the daily frustra- soldiers, allegedly “lost" in the PA- West Bank and the Gaza Strip, including tions and humiliations inflicted upon controlled West Bank town of Ramallah, East Jerusalem, and recognition of an inde- Palestinians in the occupied territories, con- were killed on October 12 by a Palestinian pendent state in those territories. verged to ignite a second intifada beginning mob returning from the funeral of an The distance between the two parties, jn late September 2000. unarmed young man whom soldiers had especially on the issues of Jerusalem and On September 28, Likud leader Ariel shot dead the day before. The IDF attacked refugees, made it impossible to reach an Sharon visited the Noble Sanctuary (Temple PA installations in Ramallah, Gaza and agreement at the Camp David summit meet- Mount) in the company of 1,000 armed elsewhere with helicopter gunships and ing in July 2000. Although Barak offered a guards. In the context of July's tense negoti- missiles. Subsequently, the IDF has not far more extensive Israeli withdrawal from ations over Jerusalem's holy places and always waited for Israelis to die before the West Bank than any other Israeli leader Sharon's well-known call for Israeli annexa- answering Palestinian small arms fire with had publicly considered, he insisted on _ tion of East Jerusalem, this move provoked tank shells and artillery, including the maintaining Israeli sovereignty over East large Palestinian protests in Jerusalem. shelling of civilian neighbourhoods in the Jerusalem. This was unacceptable to the Israeli soldiers killed six unarmed protest- West Bank and Gaza. 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