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11.Sydney C. Mifflen, "Weak and Heavy Top Make Longwall and Mechanization Imperative in Nova Scotia", Coal Age, vol. 38, no. 7, July 1933, pp. 223-225; R. Dawson Hall, "Reallocation and Tunnels Make Nova Scotian Undersea Coal More Accessible from Shore", Coal Age, vol. 44, no. 10, October 1939, pp. 46-48; Alexander S. McNeil, "Notes on Mining Coal in Submarine Areas at Princess Colliery, Sydney Mines", The Canadian Mining Journal, 10 June 1921; and Louis Frost, "Submarine Mining in the Sydney Coalfield, Cape Breton Island, Eastern Canada", Transactions of The Institution of Mining Engineers, vol. LXXXI 1930–1931, pp. 406-425. 12.J. B. Gilliat, "Folding and Faulting of the Wabana Ore Deposits", Monthly Bulletin of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy , no. 141, January 1924, pp. 895- 913. 13.Richard H. Brown, "Submarine Coal Mining", Mining Reporter, vol. LIV, July to December 1906. 14.Francis W. Gray, "Mining Coal Under the Sea in Nova Scotia, With Notes on Comparable Undersea Coal-Mining Operations Elsewhere", The Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin , 1927, vol. XX, nos. 177-188, pp. 638-758; A.S. McNeil, "Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co. Is Completely Removing Coal Seam Under Ten Square Miles of Sea Area", Coal Age, vol. 20, no. 6, 11 August 1921, pp. 205-209. 15.James Dickson, "Submarine Coal Mining at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia", The Transactions of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and of the Mining Society of Nova Scotia 1935 , vol. XXXVIII, pp. 465-472; and "The Submarine Coal-Field of Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, BC", The Canadian Mining Journal , 25 March 1921. 16.A. Selwyn-Brown, "Submarine Coal Mining",Engineering and Mining Journal , 18 November 1905. 17.C. L. O'Brian, "Some Comments on the Japanese Coal Industry", The Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin, May 1965; and Carl Hellmut Fritzsche and Günter Fettweis, "Eindrücke aus dem japanischen Steinkohlenbergbau", Glückauf Bergmännische Zeitschrift , 91 Jahrgang, Heft 1/2, 1 Jan 1955, pp. 1-23. It is interest- ing to note that the Japanese make use of both natural islands, as is the case at the Wabana mine at Bell Island in Canada, and artificially constructed islands as surface openings (sites for ventilation shafts) for their submarine mine workings. There are 14 undersea coalmines in Japan, ranging from 600 to 3,000 feet below the seabed. 18.J. H. Wright, Chile – Economic and Commercial Conditions in Chile , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1958; and "The Chilean Coal Industry", The Iron and Coal Trades Review , 27 January 1928, pp. 117-118. 19."Under-Sea Mining at Arnao, Spain", The Colliery Guardian and Journal of the Coal and Iron Trades , vol. LXXIX, no. 2046, 16 March 1900, pp. 495-496. 20."The Subsidence in the Alaska–Treadwell Mines", Mining and Scientific Press , 10 February 1917, pp. 197- 201. 21.US Naval Facilities Engineering Command, "Wanted: Seabees for Underwater Construction Teams". No publica- tion date; possibly 1993. No place of publication given; possibly Alexandria, Virginia. Bibliographic information from Victor, University of Maryland online library catalog at http://www.lib.umd.edu/UMCP/, 1998. 22.Sherry Sontag and Christopher Drew, with Annette Lawrence Drew, Blind Man's Bluff, ibid. (see endnote 1). 23.At http://www.nfesc.navy.mil/, 1997. 24.At http://www.nfesc.navy.mil/ocean/, 1997. 25.At http://www.archrock.nfesc.navy.mil/ 7434dept.htm, 1997. 26.US Army Corps of Engineers, ConstructionEngineering Research Laboratory, Program Activity and Funding, ENG FORM 0-4098, 16 August 1967. I found this report in one of several boxes of documents that the archivist's assistant brought to me. The material was uncat- alogued. She told me the documents were about to be thrown in the trash for lack of staff, funding and space to file them. There were several additional boxes of docu- ments that I expressed an interest in seeing. However, as soon as I found the document cited here, the assistant refused to let me examine the documents in the additional boxes. She informed me that they were just full of worth- less papers that were not worth my time. I assured her that, indeed, I would like to look at them. She adamantly refused to permit me to examine them. 27.ibid. 28.ibid. 29.ibid. 30.ibid. 31.ibid. 32.Lloyd A. Duscha, "Underground Facilities for Defense – Experience and Lessons", in Tunnelling and Underground Transport: Future Developments in Technology, Economics and Policy , ed. F.P. Davidson, Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1987, pp. 109-113. 33.US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Program Activity and Funding, ENG FORM 0-4098, 16 August 1967. 34.ibid. 35.C. F. Austin, "Manned Undersea Structures – The Rock-Site Concept", NOTS TP 4162, US Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, California, October 1966. 36.ibid. 37.ibid. The Evidence for Secret Underwater Bases Continued from page 32 AUGUST – SEPTEMBER 2001 www.nexusmagazine.com NEXUS • 85