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Three stages in this process can be identified, and they were optimum productivity. This called for a relatively open exchange influenced by the role and policies of Yuri A. Andropov, who of information, including a monitoring of scientific developments held the post of KGB Chairman from 1967 to 1982. On 12 abroad. But the sheer volume of data in science and technology November 1982, Andropov was named General Secretary of the available openly—at meetings, in journals and in books—in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (the country's top position), United States, Western Europe and Japan during any given day succeeding Brezhnev who had died a few days before. must have severely taxed the transmission and translation facili- The "golden age" of Soviet psi research—the first stage of its ties available to Soviet science. contemporary development—lasted through most of the 1960s. It Even so, the skilled manpower needed to evaluate, analyse and began with Professor Vasiliev's spir- apply such data was limited. Soviet ited advocacy of the research he had scholars found KGB censorship of long proposed. It became obscured incoming mail uneven and heavy- after Andropov took control of the handed; publications were often sim- KGB, which intruded more firmly The KGB simply discovered or ply stolen in transit and sold on a spe- into scientific activities including the cialised black market. monitoring, supervision and actual decided that parapsychology Soviet science, arts and literature conducting of experiments. phenomena are real ... and that experienced a "thaw" of several years From mid-1968 on, and quite . during the regime of Nikita noticeable by 1970, contact between the only thing that counts are Khrushchev. But when direction of Soviet psi researchers and their col- results _ the KGB was taken over by leagues abroad began to dry up. By Andropov, controls over Soviet soci- 1975, the Laboratory for Bio- ety were tightened; flexibility, unpre- Communication was disbanded. dictability and changes in policies Publication of findings by such thereafter characterised the agency's authorities as Professor Kogan ceased, operations. while rumours concerning secret KGB-operated laboratories cir- In 1975, foreign observers detected a distinct tightening-up of culated. This was a period of transition with new plans made, KGB and Communist Party control over the academy. The week- blueprints prepared, staff tentatively selected, some projects at ly magazine US News and World Reports (1 March 1967) least publicly abandoned and others pursued in an exploratory, described this development as "one of the most important Soviet probing and even confused manner. internal changes since World War II". The magazine quoted one The KGB's influence on scientific research generally had been analyst as saying: "It is right up there with Stalin's death and the uneven. While it had the task of assuring maximum ideological reversal of Khrushchev's reforms, because it destroys the only and political loyalty among scientists, it also had to encourage important island of independence left in the country." The KGB simply discovered or decided that parapsychology phenomena are real ... and that the only thing that counts are results ... CENTRES OF USSR PSI STUDIES on the Biophysical Effect, Moscow (dowsing research). he limited information and massive disinformation avail- ~ Adjunct Laboratory of Medical and Biological Problems, able regarding the KGB takeover of Soviet psi research © Moscow. — ; . did not in itself contribute to an in-depth analysis of the ~ University of Leningrad, Laboratory on the Physiology of Soviet psi research machine—especially when its large size Labour; Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Biological was considered, along with the known extent of its multidis- Cybernetics, = . ; ciplinary activities. For example, through privileged sources ~ 4. A. Uktomskii Physiological Institute, Leningrad. available to me, | was able to confirm by 1983 that the arms ~ Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, Department of and functions of the machine were so extensive as to Cybernetics. . . . include all of the following 29 research centres: - University of Leningrad, Bekhterev Brain Institute. = A.§. Popov All-Union Scientific and Technical Society of 4 resea/ch Institute of Psychology, Ukrainian SSR Academy Radio Technology and Electrical Engineering, Moscow; of Science. i issi ievaaton cb Bie inibmelen (eS cIeos, les ; = Institute of Problems of Information Transmission of the aboratory of Bio-Information, ; Laboratory of — UssR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Bio-Energetics, established 1978. + Pulkovo Observatory, Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of General and Educational i j ’ F j isi Agawaloaty, UGA Aecdenny a Rocaaoqied Sellonese, ae” Institute, Laboratory of the Physiology of Vision, Moscow. . Scientific-Industrial Unit "Quantum", Krasnodar. ~ Baumann Institute of Advanced Technology, Moscow; —_ State University of Georgia, Tbiblisi (Tiflis). Laboratory of Dr Wagner. - iversi Institute of Energetics, Moscow; Laboratory of Dr Sokolov. - qaais ran Cybernetics eee - Moscow State University; Laboratory of Prof. Kholodov. Institute of Clinical Physiology, Kiev. , ; oe Neument of Engineering College, Department of — scientific Research Institute of Biophysics, Department of ee eat £ Aviati Cybernetics, Puschino. 7 Wi are nai t “fe ton. - Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Kharkov. .v. stitute, Moscow. - Institute of Automation and Electricity, Special < Institute of Reflexology, Moscow. S iberi + Moscow University, Department of Theoretical Physics. Sepa ent Meine oe 1969), Siberian Academy of + Moscow State University, Department of Geology. O Init oe F Fa Interdepartmental Commission for Coordination of Study Novouibiak. 1 (Olle: eine) Legproithme mie (acelin, NEXUS + 37 AUGUST — SEPTEMBER 2001 www.nexusmagazine.com