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NEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCE not "invented". There's no mention of their 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics. Encyclopaedia Britannica (UK, 1973) notes that the Nobel Prize was awarded to William Shockley, Dr Bardeen and Dr Brattain collectively in 1956, but gives no other comment or credits. The reference to transistors in the Macmillan — Encyclopedia (USA, 1983-1996) reads: "They were first devel- oped in 1948 by Shockley and his co-work- ers at Bell Telephone Laboratories, USA." Again, note the word "developed", not "invented". There are no further credits, nor mention of the Nobel Prize. planet Earth) is/are the rightful and original inventor(s) of the transistor? And, for that matter, who is/are the rightful recipient(s) of the Nobel Prize? planet Earth) is/are the rightful and original Henry Moray did pioneering work in the inventor(s) of the transistor? And, for that early 1930s on the use of crystal plates in matter, who is/are the rightful recipient(s) | vacuum tubes for his Tesla radiant energy of the Nobel Prize? device.) In 1933, I came up with a method for Crystal Circuitry Experiments amplifying the remarkable properties of Over many years, Ihave thoroughly _ crystals. Connecting two similar crystals researched the early experimental and theo- _ together physically and utilising the junc- retical work carried out on crystals and tion as the base of the module (as would those people involved in the study of the apply to the grid of a vacuum tube amplifi- electrical science of cystallography during — er), I applied a low battery bias voltage to the years 1920 to 1950. In fact, Ihave — each crystal in their required polarity direc- searched back over 100 years in various _ tion. (Incidentally, by this time I had built encyclopaedias and scientific texts for any- a number of class-A triode vacuum tube body having recorded any similar develop- amplifiers.) Connections were achieved ment or invention pertaining to the birth of — with cat's whiskers supported by the then the transistor, and can only find just one available vertical cantilever-style supports. other person: the Russian scientist O. The result was a spectacular solid-state Lossev, of Nijni, Novgorod. amplifying module with immense amplifi- Lossev made the monumental announce- cation properties. The output was fed into ment that "a crystal rectifier/detector can an old, inefficient, balanced armature also be used for generating and amplifying — speaker. purposes (are we not coming fast to an all- In 1933, at thirteen years of age, I had no crystal multi-stage receiver?)". This is jdea of the enormity of what I had quoted in the UK journal Wireless World, achieved. There before me was a solid- no. 271, 22 October 1924. state power amplifier module capable of However, having carried out experimen- massive power gain—something which is tal tests with crystals before publishing his pow known as a "transistor". It did not findings, Lossev did not in any way make — take me thousands and thousands of man- any claim as to having invented anything. hours. I did not need a team of adult assis- Also, there is no evidence in his theoretical tants. It took just five days. intuitive announcement that pertains to his It was my curiosity, not a "chance dis- having duplicated any crystal circuitry— covery", which led me into the realm of such as I had perceived and accomplished invention. Little did I know it then, but this in the later year of 1933. little module was the forerunner of what I set out to achieve at a later date for reduc- The Adams Solid-State Amplifier ing the gross mass of the then current- In my youth, I was profoundly interested . receiving apparatus. oo in the wonders of natural crystals and per- Controversial Claims Enter Jack Shulman, President of American Computer Company (ACC), who has claimed in a talk published in NEXUS that the transistor came from a US Government project [see "Reverse Engineering Roswell UFO Technology" in 6/04, and Twilight Zone 5/02]. Yet sup- posedly it was the culmination of the com- bined effort of at least six people: Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain, Ohl, Scaff and Theuerer. Shulman mentioned AT&T's claim that Shockley suddenly noticed the rectifier had "unusual propensities"—but these "propen- sities" have been known since the days of crystal sets, well over 100 years ago. Shockley discovered nothing, for the very reason that the "unusual propensities" referred to are intrinsic to the nature of a crystal—and it is because of this fact that crystals are rectifiers! (Refer also to the Peltier effect, so named after Jean Peltier, 1785-1845.) Since when did the propensi- ties of a single crystal rectifier become an invention or represent a transistor? As for AT&T's claim that Drs Bardeen and Brattain both referred to a man named Case who was talking about transistors in 1931, how can this be when the word "tran- sistor" hadn't yet entered the lexicon? However, Jack Shulman seems to have sided with Jack Morton, the administrative head of the transistor project at AT&T at the time, in calling Shockley a "witless buf- foon" and claiming "There's no way he could have invented the transistor". Shulman mentioned in his talk that ACC had speculated on its website: "Did AT&T receive stolen alien technologies from the US Government in 1947 and thereby invent the transistor, the laser, the integrated circuit...different technologies?" So all this begs the question: who (on DEL UUL LU ALIVE al @ 1atel Wate LUI 1cuUL- The Adams Solid-State Amplifier ing the gross mass of the then current- In my youth, I was profoundly interested in the wonders of natural crystals and per- manent magnets. My earliest days of inter- About the Author: ; est surrounded crystals at first. I was so Robert Adams, DSc, FNZEI, MS &MN (UK), built fascinated with them that my interest very his first crystal set at the age of nine, in 1929, the quickly reached into the realm of the aether _SOlid-state amplifier in 1933, a loudspeaker inter- and, in turn, into broadcasting, general com phone system in 1963, and a plug-in, solid- communications and ferroma netics state printed circuit board that same year. Dr Tt was in lat D b 199 that I start Adams has had an illustrious engineering career, 4 was in tl ork | ‘th “ le st als designing systems for radio and television broad- e experimentay wor with natural crystals casting and aircraft communications in New in various tuning and selectivity circuit Zealand. His theories on the aether led to his combinations in the many crystal sets I invention of the Adams Pulsed Electric Motor developed. I spent much time over the — Generator (see NEXUS 2/11, 8/01) and a number design and construction of vacuum tube _ of other advanced developments since. amplifiers, and discovered experimentally The enigma of the "true history" of the transis- the similarity between crystallography and tor is discussed in Dr Adams's Applied Modern vacuum tube technology. I conceived the 20th Century Aether Science, Special Update application of crystal compatibility in rela- 290/ (second edition). An expanded article tion to crystal amplification of radiofre- (ron wen this be 's extracted) is to be posted eale and achi, wi dare on Dr Adams's website, www.aethmogen.com. quency signals, and achieved considerable Dr Adams can be contacted at: Aethmogen P SUCCESS. 8, > Technologies, 91 Domain Road, Whakatane, before the time of the Bell boys. (Speaking gay of Plenty, New Zealand, tel/fax +64 (0)7 308 of crystallography and vacuum tubes, —gqgq. receiving apparatus. oo 50 = NEXUS APRIL — MAY 2001 www.nexusmagazine.com