Nexus - 0803 - New Times Magazine-pages

Page Content (OCR)

NEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCE of light, any force generated in the opposite sign to inertia then implies the following: during the time interval when the pulse is influencing the electron orbit, the speed is that of light or above. (See high-level experiment in appendix on website.) selves, and molecular structure within a magnet allows it to retain its magnetic capability indefinitely. Magnets appear to have no effect on non-ferrous materials, but in fact they do react, albeit in some cases to material and, incidentally, get rid of acceleration effects. As the propulsion is driven from the atomic level in any individual atom on board the vehicle, the force affects each and every atom so no acceleration effects will be experienced. Einstein formulated his famous E = mc? theory based on an inertia constant. Put simply, his equation says that to accelerate a 1-ton mass to light speed, infinite energy would be required. Considering the principles above, it could be possible to accelerate the 1-ton mass to light speed on a power source as small as a flashlight battery. In closing, if this article raises your inter- est, please contact me so I may brief you in greater depth or provide a more detailed file. If you require references from acade- mics who support further investigation into my work, I am happy to provide these. acceleration ettects will be experienced. Einstein formulated his famous E = mc? theory based on an inertia constant. Put simply, his equation says that to accelerate a 1-ton mass to light speed, infinite energy would be required. Considering the principles above, it could be possible to accelerate the 1-ton mass to light speed on a power source as small as a flashlight battery. In closing, if this article raises your inter- est, please contact me so I may brief you in greater depth or provide a more detailed file. If you require references from acade- mics who support further investigation into my work, I am happy to provide these. a very limited degree. If a strong enough field is applied to any material, it can be made to levitate. Editor's Note: A fundamental question remains: is it Tony Cuthbert and his inventions were featured possible to increase and control this effect jn an article by Tony Edwards in NEXUS 7/03. to exploit the system from a technical point Tony can be contacted by telephone on +44 of view? By stimulating the particles when (0)1686 670756, by e-mail on tony@cuthbert- they are in phase with the direction of physics.com, or via his website, http://www. travel, it is possible to levitate or propel any _ cuthbert-physics.com/sussex.html. Application of Principles In conclusion, it is proposed that the effect of inertia is a direct result of the elec- tron orbit lagging behind the atomic nucle- us when accelerating in a certain direction. By overcoming this electron lag, the effect of inertia can be eradicated, thus allowing acceleration at exceptionally high veloci- ties with minimal power requirements. It is proposed that this bias of electron orbits can be exploited to promote motion in any direction, and that gravity uses this same mechanism to attract masses, thus suggesting that the force of gravity is noth- ing other than an out-of-balance "centrifu- gal force" acting on the atomic level. It is also suggested that the field of a magnet, although affecting different mate- rials to different degrees, is similar to that of a very localised gravity field. The power of a magnet is derived from the characteristics of the electron's orbits them- Pulse THE TRANSISTOR ENIGMA by Robert Adams, DSc © December 2000 Alfred A. Ghiradi (USA, 1951-56); and invented the transistor, and William The Modern Electrical Engineer by Caxton Shockley, who both directed the (UK, 1927-1951). The term "transistor" Laboratories' research program in semicon- does not exist in any of the authoritative ductors and outlined many of the physical references published in the few years after theories that led to a basic understanding of 1947-48—evidence that it was slow to semiconductor materials and their behav- enter the technical language, and calling iour. Their assault on the semiconductor into question the entire recorded history of problem was launched from a base of con- the device and its development. tributions made by the Laboratories’ scien- The D. Van Nostrand Scientific _ tists and engineers, especially Russell S. Encyclopedia (Canada, 1947, 1958) has an Ohl, Jack H. Scaff and Henry C. Theuerer, extensive section on transistors, including — whose pioneering work on silicon made a many descriptive drawings of physical ss of semiconductors available to structures and circuits, but no mention of sts. Bardeen, Shockley and Brattain the history or any credits. were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize Charles Susskind of the University of in Physics for their pioneering work on the California in Encyclopedia of Electronics transistor." (USA, 1962, p. 881), who does use the According to Funk and Wagnalls term "transistor", states: "The junction Encyclopedia (USA, 1973, book 23, p. transistor was invented in 1948 by 8617): "The transistor was developed at Shockley from a theoretical consideration Bell Laboratories by the American physi- of the electronic process taking place ata cists William Shockley, Walter Brattain, PN junction in semiconductors." There's John Bardeen. Shockley is noted as the ini- no mention of the 1956 Nobel Prize. tiator and director of the research program Colliers Encyclopedia (USA, 1972, vol. in semi-conducting materials which led to 22, p. 408) notes: "This development is the discovery of this group of devices; his built on the work of Bell Telephone associates Brattain and Bardeen are credit- Laboratories’ scientists, such as John _ ed with the invention of an important type Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain, who of transistor." Note the word "developed", aving searched all the encyclopae- dias and authoritative scientific and technical texts in relation to the his- tory of the transistor, I was struck by the inconsistencies of the different historical records. Every record casts doubt by omis- sion of salient data and credits as to who actually invented the transistor. The history is ambiguous and contradictory. The story surrounds the mighty crystal, and, while it has its roots in the early 1920s, most of the narrative centres around 1947-48 and the claim that a group of sci- entists at Bell Laboratories "invented" the "transistor". (Never mind that the word "transistor" had not then been coined!) In my search, I referred to the Dictionary of Radio and Television Terms (UK, 1941) by Ralph Stranger, an international authori- ty on electronic terminology, and also The Outline of Wireless (UK, 1932-37). I also referred to Practical Radio Communication by Nilson and Hornung (UK, 1943); Receiver Circuitry and Operation by APRIL — MAY 2001 NEXUS + 49 Who Really "Invented" the Transistor? www.nexusmagazine.com