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Incendiary mixtures go back at least to the 5th century BC, when _—Collyns suggests in his book, Ancient Astronauts: A Time Aineias the Tactician wrote a book called On the Defence of _ Reversal?,"* that there are five methods by which the ancients or Fortified Positions. Said he: "ancient astronauts" might have waged war on various societies And fire itself, which is to be powerful and quite inextinguish - on planet Earth. He outlines how these methods are again on the able, is to be prepared as follows. Pitch, sulphur, tow, gran - rise in modern society. The five methods are: plasma guns, ulated frankincense, and pine sawdust in sacks you should fusion torches, holes punched in the ozone layer, manipulation of ignite if you wish to set any of the enemy's works on fire. weather processes and the release of immense energy, such as L. Sprague de Camp mentions in his book, The Ancient with an atomic blast. As Collyns's book was published in Britain Engineers,'* that at some point it was found that petroleum, which _ in 1976, the mentions of holes in the ozone layer and weather seeps out of the ground in Iraq and elsewhere, made an ideal base warfare seem strangely prophetic. for incendiary mixtures because it could be squirted from syringes Explaining the plasma gun, Collyns says: of the sort then used in fighting fires. Other substances were The plasma gun has already been developed experimentally added to it, such as sulphur, olive oil, rosin, bitumen, salt and for peaceful purposes: Ukrainian scientists from the quicklime. Geotechnical Mechanics Institute have experimentally drilled Some of these additives may have helped—sulphur at least tunnels in iron ore mines by using a plasmatron, i.e., a made a fine stench—but others did not, plasma gas jet which delivers a although it was thought that they did. Salt, temperature of 6,000°C. for instance, may have been added because A plasma, in this case, is an electrified the sodium in it gave the flame a bright . as. Electrified gases are also featured in the orange colour. The ancients, supposing that ...there are five methods Vomaanika-Shaastra,'* the ancient book a brighter flame was necessarily a hotter by which the ancients from India on vimanas, which cryptically flame, mistakenly believed that salt made the " A " talks of using for fuel the liquid metal mer- fire burn more fiercely. Such mixtures were or ‘ancient astronauts cury, which could be a plasma if electrified. put in hae woowen casks and thrown from might have waged war rien goes on . describe a fusion fore catapults at hostile ships and at wooden siege . was is is still another possible method o, engines and defence works. on various societies on warfare used by spacemen, or ancient ; According to de Camp, in AD 673 the planet Earth: advanced civilisations on Earth. architect Kallinikos fled ahead of Arab . Perhaps the solar mirrors of antiquity invaders from Helipolis-Ba'albek to plasma guns, fusion really were fusion torches? The fusion Constantinople, There ne revested a] torches, holes punched ures hal a fur elamen formula for a liquid incendiary. This In the ozone layer, to develop a fusion torch was pre - could also be used with great effet a VfL ale eh ie science meeting by Drs Bernard sea, because it caught fire when it weather processes and Eastlund and William C. Cough. touched the water and floated, flaming the release of immense The basic idea is to generate a fan - energy, such as with an atomic blast. on the waves. tastic heat of at least fifty million De Camp says that Byzantine galleys degrees Celsius which could be were armed with a flame-throwing contained and controlled. That is, apparatus in the bow, consisting of a the energy released could be used tank of this mixture, a pump and a noz- for many peaceful applications zle. With the help of this compound, with zero radioactive waste prod - the Byzantines broke the Arab sieges of ucts to avoid contaminating the AD 674-76 and AD 715-18, and also environment, or zero production of beat off the Russian attacks of AD 941 radioactive elements which would and 1043. The incendiary liquid wrought immense havoc; of 800 be highly dangerous, such as plutonium which is the most Arab ships which attacked Constantinople in 716 AD, only a deadly substance known to man. Thermonuclear fusion handful returned home. occurs naturally in stellar processes, and unnaturally in The formula for the wet version of Greek fire has never been man-made H-bomb explosions. discovered. Says de Camp: The fusion of a deuterium nucleus (a heavy hydrogen iso - By careful security precautions, the Byzantine Emperors suc - tope which can be easily extracted from sea water) with ceeded in keeping the secret of this substance, called "wet another deuterium nucleus, or with tritium (another isotope fire" or "wild fire", so dark that it never did become general - of hydrogen) or with helium, could be used. The actual ly known. When asked about it, they blandly replied that an fusion torch would be an ionised plasma jet which would angel had revealed the formula to the first Constantine. vaporise anything and everything that the jet was directed We can, therefore, only guess the nature of the mixture. at—if...used for harmful purposes—while for peaceful appli - According to one disputed theory, wet fire was petroleum cations, one use of the torch could be to reclaim basic ele - with an admixture of calcium phosphide, which can be made ments from junk metals. from lime, bones and urine. Perhaps Kallinikos stumbled University of Texas scientists announced in 1974 that they across this substance in the course of alchemical had actually developed the first experimental fusion torch experiments. which gave an incredible heat output of ninety-three degrees Vitrification of brick, rock and sand may have been caused by Continued on page 83 any number of high-tech means. New Zealand author Robin by which the ancients or “ancient astronauts" might have waged war on various societies on planet Earth: plasma guns, fusion torches, holes punched in the ozone layer, manipulation of energy, such as with an atomic blast. NEXUS 59 weather processes and the release of immense Continued on page 83 AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2000