/Nexus - 0704 - New Times Magazine/pages/0082/image.png)
Page Content (OCR)
Excitotoxins: Dan s Food Additives Continued from page 36 Neurotoxins: Selectivity, Specificity, and Res. 18:283-294, 1988. Mechanisms of Action", Neurosci. Research 15. Parsons, R.B., Waring, R.H. et al., "Jn vitro Neurotoxins: Selectivity, Specificity, and Mechanisms of Action", Neurosci. Research Bull. 19(4), 1981. 7. Blackstone, C.D. and Huganir, R.L., “Molecular Structure of Glutamate Receptor Channels", in Stone, T.W. (ed.), CNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators: Glutamate, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995, pp. 53-67. 8. "Analysis of Adverse Reactions to Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)", Life Sciences Research Office, FASEB, July 1995. 9. Blaylock, R.L., Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills, Health Press, Santa Fe, 1997, pp. 248-254. 10. Olney, J.W., "Glutamate: a neurotoxic transmitter", J. Child Neurol. 4:218-226, 1989. 11. Choudhary, P., Malik, V.B. et al., "Studies on the effect of monosodium glutamate on hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation, calci- um, ascorbic acid and glutathione and its dependent enzymes in adult male mice", Toxicol. Lett. 89:71-76, 1996. 12. Plaitakis, A. and Caroscio, J.T., "Abnormal glutamate metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", Ann. Neuro. 22:575-579, 1987. 13. Blaylock, R.L., "Neurodegeneration and aging of the central nervous system: Prevention and treatment by phytochemicals and metabolic nutrients", Integrative Med. 1:117-133, 1998. 14. Olney, J.W., "Excitotoxic food additives: functional teratological aspects", Prog. Brain Res. 18:283-294, 1988. 15. Parsons, R.B., Waring, R.H. et al., "In vitro effect of the cysteine metabolites homocysteic acid, homocysteine and cysteic acid upon human neuronal cell lines", Neurotoxicology 19:599-603, 1998. 16. Esskes, T.K., "Neural tube defects, vita- mins and homocysteine", Eur. J. Pediatr. 157(Suppl 2):$139-S141, 1998. 17. McCaddon, A., Daves, G. et al., "Total serum homocysteine in senile dementia of Alzheimer type", J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 13:235- 239, 1998. 18. Banks, J.C. et al., "Retinal pathology in Alzheimer's disease. |. Ganglion cell loss in foveal/parafoveal retina", Neurobiol. Aging 17:377-384, 1996. 19. Onanow, C.W., "A radical hypothesis for neurodegeneration", Trends in Neurosci. 16:439-444, 1993. 20. Aisen, P.S. and Davis, K.L., "Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: implica- tions for therapy", Am. J. Psych. 151:1105- 1113, 1994. 21. Murphey, T., Parikh, A. et al., “Arachidonic acid metabolism in glutamate neurotoxicity", Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 559:474- 477, 1989. 22. Smith, M.A., Richey, P.I. et al., "Widespread peroxynitrite-mediated damage in Alzheimer's disease", J. Neurosci. uptake by astrocytes as well, which would significantly increase extracellular gluta- mate levels.** This creates a vicious cycle that will multiply any resulting damage and malfunctioning of neurophysiological sys- tems, such as plasticity. Endnotes 1. Ikonomidou, C. and Turski, L., "Glutamate in Neurodegenerative Disorders", in Stone, T.W. (ed.), CNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators: Glutamate, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995, pp. 253-272. 2. Whetsell, W.O. and Shapira, N.A., "Biology of Disease. Neuroexcitation, excito- toxicity and human neurological disease", Lab. Invest. 68:372-387, 1993. 3. Lucas, D.R. and Newhouse, J.P., "The toxic effect of sodium L-glutamate on the inner layer of the retina", Arch. Opthalmol. 58:193-201, 1957. 4. Olney, J.W., "Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate", Science 165:719- 721, 1969. 5. Pol, A.N.V., Wuarin, J.-P. and Dudek, E., "Glutamate, the dominant excitatory transmit- ter in neuroendocrine regulation", Science 250:1276-1278, 1990. 6. Coyle, J.T. et al., "Excitatory Amino Acid JUNE — JULY 2000 NEXUS - 81 Continued on page 82