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and religious consequences, should the extraterrestrial hypothesis be confirmed. 1974 for the redaction of reports, to the cre- ation of GEPAN in 1977, its organisation and its results: collection of more than 3,000 reports from the Gendarmerie, case studies and statistical analyses. It then sur- veys agreements passed by GEPAN and, later, SEPRA, with the air force and army, civilian aviation and other organs, such as civilian and military laboratories for the analysis of samples and photographs. Regarding the methods and results, we are reminded of some famous cases (Trans- en-Provence, l'Amarante), and emphasis is directed to the catalogues of cases, notably of pilots (Weinstein catalogue) and "radar/visual", worldwide. An historical note appears here with a quotation from General Twining's famous letter of September 1947, asserting the real- ity of UFOs. [The reference is to a then- secret memorandum sent by US General Nathan Twining to General George Schulgen. Twining states: "The phenome- non reported is something real and not visionary or fictitious... There are objects probably approximating the shape of a disk, of such appreciable size as to appear to be as large as man-made aircraft..." Twining notes the impressive aerial perfor- mance of these objects, their apparent metallic structure and other characteristics often associated with UFOs. — CNI Ed.] The following chapter, "UFOs: hypothe- ses, attempts at modelling” ("OVNI: hypothéses, essais de modélisation"), dis- cusses some models and hypotheses which are under study in several countries. Partial simulations have already been made for UFO propulsion, based on observations and religious consequences, should the 1974 for the redaction of reports, to the cre- of aspects such as speed, movement and extraterrestrial hypothesis be confirmed. ation of GEPAN in 1977, its organisation acceleration, engine failure of nearby vehi- and its results: collection of more than cles, paralysis of witnesses, etc. One Part I: Facts and Testimonies 3,000 reports from the Gendarmerie, case model is MHD (magneto-hydrodynamic) Many of the cases selected are well _ studies and statistical analyses. It then sur- propulsion, already tested successfully in known by most researchers, and need only veys agreements passed by GEPAN and, _ water, and which might be achieved in the be mentioned briefly here. They are: later, SEPRA, with the air force and army, atmosphere with superconducting circuits * Testimonies of French pilots: M. civilian aviation and other organs, such as_ in a few decades. Other studies are briefly Giraud, pilot of Mirage IV (1977); Colonel civilian and military laboratories for the | mentioned regarding both atmospheric and Bosc, fighter pilot (1976); Air France flight analysis of samples and photographs. space propulsion (such as particle beams), AF 3532 (Jan 1994). Regarding the methods and results, we _ antigravity and reliance on planetary and « Aeronautical cases worldwide: are reminded of some famous cases (Trans- _ stellar impulsion. Lakenheath, UK (1956); RB-47, USA _ en-Provence, I'Amarante), and emphasis is The chapter also suggests that the failure (1957); Teheran, Iran (1976); San Carlos _ directed to the catalogues of cases, notably _ of land-vehicle engines may be explained de Bariloche, Argentina (1995). of pilots (Weinstein catalogue) and by microwave radiations. In fact, high- * Observations from the ground: "radar/visual", worldwide. power hyperfrequency generators are under Antananarivo, Madagascar (1954); obser- An historical note appears here witha study in France and other countries, vation of a saucer near the ground by a__ quotation from General Twining's famous according to the report. One application is French pilot, J.-P. Fartek (1979); close- _ letter of September 1947, asserting the real- microwave weapons. Particle beams—for range observation over a missile site at ity of UFOs. [The reference is toa then- instance, proton beams which ionise the air Kapustin Jar, Russia (1989). secret memorandum sent by US General and therefore become visible—might * Close encounters in France: Valensole, Nathan Twining to General George explain the observation of luminous beams. encounter of Maurice Masse (1965); Schulgen. Twining states: "The phenome- Microwaves might explain body paralysis. Cussac, Cantal (1967); Trans-en-Provence _ non reported is something real and not In the same chapter, "global hypotheses" (1981); Nancy, the so-called case of the visionary or fictitious... There are objects are considered next. The authors regard Amaranth (1982). probably approximating the shape of a hoaxes as rare and easily detected. Some There are also counter-examples of elu- disk, of such appreciable size as to appear non-scientific hypotheses are put aside, cidated phenomena (two cases). to be as large as man-made aircraft...". such as conspiracies and manipulations by Although the selection is limited, it Twining notes the impressive aerial perfor- powerful secret groups, parapsychic phe- seems sufficient to convince an uninformed mance of these objects, their apparent nomena and collective hallucinations. The but open-minded reader of the reality of _ metallic structure and other characteristics hypothesis of secret [human] weapons is UFOs. often associated with UFOs. — CNI Ed.] also regarded as very improbable. We are The following chapter, "UFOs: hypothe- then left with various extraterrestrial Part Il: Present State of Knowledge ses, attempts at modelling" ("OVNI: hypotheses. One version has been devel- The second part, entitled "The present hypothéses, essais de modélisation"), dis- oped in France by astronomers Jean-Claude state of knowledge" ("Le point des connais- cusses some models and hypotheses which Ribes and Guy Monnet, based on the sances"), surveys the organisation of offi- are under study in several countries. "space islands" concept of American physi- cial UFO research in France, from the first Partial simulations have already been made cist O'Neill, and it is compatible with pre- instructions given to the Gendarmerie in for UFO propulsion, based on observations __ sent-day physics. The organisation of UFO research in the United States, Great Britain and Russia is sur- Co veyed rapidly. In the United Cc _ States, the media and the polls ~ show a marked interest and con- cern on the part of the public, but the official position, espe- cially of the Air Force, is still one of denial—more precisely, that there is no threat to national security. Actually, declassified documents, released under FOIA, show another story: one of surveillance of nuclear instal- lations by UFOs and the contin- ued study of UFOs by the mili- tary and intelligence agencies. The report stresses the importance in the United States FIRST DRAFT...) Part I: Facts and Testimonies Many of the cases selected are well known by most researchers, and need only be mentioned briefly here. They are: * Testimonies of French pilots: M. Giraud, pilot of Mirage IV (1977); Colonel Bosc, fighter pilot (1976); Air France flight AF 3532 (Jan 1994). ¢ Aeronautical cases worldwide: Lakenheath, UK (1956); RB-47, USA (1957); Teheran, Iran (1976); San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina (1995). * Observations from the ground: Antananarivo, Madagascar (1954); obser- vation of a saucer near the ground by a French pilot, J.-P. Fartek (1979); close- range observation over a missile site at Kapustin Jar, Russia (1989). ¢ Close encounters in France: Valensole, encounter of Maurice Masse (1965); Cussac, Cantal (1967); Trans-en-Provence (1981); Nancy, the so-called case of the Amaranth (1982). There are also counter-examples of elu- cidated phenomena (two cases). Although the selection is limited, it seems sufficient to convince an uninformed but open-minded reader of the reality of UFOs. Part Il: Present State of Knowledge The second part, entitled "The present state of knowledge" ("Le point des connais- sances"), surveys the organisation of offi- cial UFO research in France, from the first instructions given to the Gendarmerie in 66 = NEXUS OCTOBER — NOVEMBER 1999