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NEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCE been published whereby analytically The experiments showed a linear detectable amounts of Au can be formed in proportionality between the yield of Au Hg". and the product of wattage and time. The Scientific American (April 1926) average yield of gold was 0.0004 mg/amp otherwise reported that at a "recent hour. The production of Au was facilitated meeting" of the German Chemical Society, by high pressure. When the discharge was "Prof. Haber, who previously cherished the passed between Hg poles in a paraffin greatest doubt as to the accuracy of the dielectric, the gold was found dispersed experiments, congratulated Prof. Miethe and related...that he himself could confirm the results by repetition of the experiment". Haber apparently made the comment before he had completed his analyses of the The entire issue was electrodes, etc., and determined them to be sags never definitively the source of the Au. Most of the criticism of Miethe's, resolved. Stammreich's and Nagaoka's experimental work focused on the questionable purity of Therefore, these the mercury they used. Their Hg had been xperimen h purified by distillation and by dissolving it e pe ents oug! t in nitric acid (1:4) and fusing the residue to be repeated with with borax (0.1 g). The resulting bead of i Au, if any, was examined under the modern equipment microscope. Usually they distilled the Hg and analytical twice, but in some cases as many as 15 times. Other researchers showed that no matter how carefully or often Hg was distilled, Au could be detected. Miethe and Stammreich showed that the formation of Au from Hg depends on the application of intermittent electrical discharges. No gold forms when Hg is exposed to direct current. They also along the line of discharge, but not in the described an Hg turbine which allowed _ Hg poles." 2,000 breaks/minute with a potential of 110 A. Gaschler attempted to reverse the volts; the current varied from 1 to 12 amps. Miethe-Nagaoka experiment by treating techniques. The experiments showed a linear proportionality between the yield of Au and the product of wattage and time. The average yield of gold was 0.0004 mg/amp hour. The production of Au was facilitated by high pressure. When the discharge was passed between Hg poles in a paraffin dielectric, the gold was found dispersed gold with high-speed hydrogen nuclei. He assumed that one of them might penetrate deeply into the electron shells of Au and be held by the innermost shells as a "paranucleus", forming a Tiefenver- bindung. After 30 hours of bombardment, the spectrum of the tube began to show Hg lines which steadily increased in intensity. Gaschler postulated that Hg is a gold- hydrogen compound, similar to Manley's Hg halide. The scientific community gave a fair and thorough review of the claims of Miethe, Stammreich and Nagaoka (who also skilfully managed the criticism). However, the entire issue was never definitively resolved. Therefore, these experiments ought to be repeated with modern equipment and analytical techniques. — resolved. © Robert Nelson, Rex Research PO Box 19250, Jean NV 89019, USA "InFolios": Guaranteed to satisfy your need-to-know about dormant, suppressed, emerging inventions, technologies, theories, therapies: 200+ topics! Aeronautics; Electro- Culture (increase yields w. electricity); Air Wells (condense atmospheric humidity!); Anti-Gravity; Trans- mutations; "Free Energy"; Tesla; etc. Amazing Catalog! USD$2.00; (USD$4.00 overseas): Rex Research, PO Box 19250, Jean NV 89019, USA. along the line of discharge, but not in the Hg poles.'* A. Gaschler attempted to reverse the Miethe-Nagaoka experiment by treating References 12. Literary Digest, 14 March 1925; "Attempts 23. Piutti, Arnaldo and Enrico Boggio-Lera, 1. Aston, Nature, 19 December 1925. at Artificial Au", ibid., 12 December 1925; Giorn. Chim. Ind. Applicata 8:59-61 (1925). 2. Davies, A.C. and Frank Horton, "The "Negative Evidence in the Hg-Au Case", ibid., 24. Reisenfeld, E.H. and W. Haase, Chem. Transmutation of Elements", Nature 117:152 6 February 1926. Ber. Deutsch. Ges. 59:1625-1629 (1926). (1926). 13. Manley, JJ., Nature 114:861 (1924); ibid., 25. Russell, A.S., "Transformation of Hg into 3. Duhme, E. and A. Lotz, Wissenschaft 115:337 (1925). Au", Nature 116:312 (1925). Veroffentlich Siemens Konzern 5:128-151 14. Miethe, Adolf, Naturwiss., 18 July 1924; 26. Science 61(1581), "The Transmutation of (1926). "Transmutation of Hg into Au", ibid., 13:635- Hg", 17 April 1925. 4. Duhme, E. and A. Lotz, Chem. Ber. 637 (1925). : 27. Scientific American, December 1924; Deutsch. Ges. 59:1649-1651 (1926); Chem. 15. Miethe, A. and H. Stammreich, Zeit. ibid., November 1925, p. 256; "More Abstr. 20:3264 (1926). Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 150:350-354 (1926). Mercuric Gold from Germany" ibid., 17 April 5. Garrett, Milan W., “Transmutation 16. Miethe, A. and H. Stammreich, German 1926, p. 90: ibid., 138:208 (1928) ° Experiments", Nature 118:2959, 17 July 1926. — Patent Specification No. 233,715 [Class 82 28. Sheldon Meo aa Ro a7 Este Phys. 6. Gaschler, A., "Transmutation of Au into (i)], 8 May 1924. Review 27(2)'515 (1926 gers. Estey, Phys. Hg’, Zeit. Elektrochem, 32:186-187 (1926). 17. Miethe, A. and H. Stammreich, French Re”/ew (2):515 (1926). 7. Gaschler, A., Scientific American, August Patent No. 598,140 (1925). 9. Siemens & Halske Akt.-Ges., German 1926. 18. Nagaoka, H., Chem. Abstracts 19:3209 _ Patent Spec. No. 243,670 [CI. 39(i) & 82 (i)], 8. Haber, Fritz et al., Zeit. Anorg. Allgem. (1925). Treating Hg’. Chem. 153:153-183 (1926); Chem. Abstr. 19. Nagaoka, H., Naturwiss. 13:682-684 30. Soddy, Frederick, "The Reported 20:2614; ibid., 19:3443. (1925); "Transmutation of Hg into Au’, ibid., Transmutation of Hg into Au", Nature 9. Haber. F., Nature, 29 May 1926. 14:85 (1926). 114:244, 16 August 1924. 10. Honigschmid, O. and E. Zintl, "The 20. Nagaoka, H., Nature, July 1925. 31. Tiede, Erich et al., "Formation of Au from Atomic Weight of Au...", Naturwissenschaften 21. Nagaoka, H., Journal de Physique et la Hg", Naturwiss. 13:745-746 (1925). 13:644 (1925). Radium 6:209 (1925). 32. Tiede, E. et al., "The Formation of Au 11. Honigschmid, O., Zeit. Anorg. Allgem. 22. Nature 114:197, 9 August 1924; ibid., from Hg..." Chem. Ber. Deutsch. Ges. Chem. 147:262-264 (1925). 117(2952):758-760, 29 May 1926. 59:1629-1641 (1926). 54 © NEXUS never definitively OCTOBER — NOVEMBER 1999