Page Content (OCR)
ECHELON: The NSA's Global Spying Network
i, How CSE Spies on Canadians and the World, the National Security Agency, America's Most
Continued from page 24 Seal/McClelland-Bantam, Toronto, 1995, p. 35. Secret Intelligence Organization, Penguin Books,
Endnotes 16. Windrem, Robert, "Spy Satellites Enter New New York, 1983, pp. 138-139.
1. Wright, Seve, "An Appraisal of Technologies ggg." MSNBC ane NBG News, August, ot Ball and Achelson, ibid pp. 223-224
of Political Control", Scientific and Technological 47" Wright ibid., p. 19. . > WIG., PP. .
Options Assessment Committee, European 18. Campbell, Duncan and Melvern, Linda, Additional References
Parliament, Luxembourg, January 6, 1998. "America's Big Ear on Europe", New Statesman, = Poole, Patrick, "Inside America's Secret Court:
2. Giussani, Bruno, "European Study Paints a July 18, 1980, pp. 10-14. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"
Chilling Portrait of Technology's Uses", New 19. Davies, Simon, "EU Simmers over Menwith (Privacy Paper).
York Times, February 24, 1998. Listening Post", Telegraph, London, July 16, = "Lawmakers Raise Questions about
3. Hager, Nicky, Secret Power: New Zealand's 499, International Spy Network", New York Times,
Role in the International Spy Network, Craig 20. Rufford, Nicholas, "Spy Station F83", Sunday — May 27, 1999.
Potton Publishing, Nelson, New Zealand, 1996. Times, London, May 31, 1998. + "How the United States Spies on Us All", Le
4. Ball, Desmond and Richelson, Jeffrey, The 21. Campbell, Duncan, "Somebody's Listening", Monde Diplomatique, January 1999.
Ties That Bind: Intelligence Cooperation | The New Statesman, August 12, 1988, pp. 10-12; |» "EU may Investigate US Global Spy Network",
between the UKUSA Countries, Allen & Unwin, "The Hill", Dispatches, BBC Channel 4, October ‘Federal Computer Week, November 17, 1998.
Boston, 1985, pp. 137-8. 6, 1993 (transcript provided by Duncan -"ECHELON: Surveilling Surveillance",
5. Ibid., pp. 142-143. Campbell); Wirbel, Loring, "Space: Intelligence Inter@ctive Week, November 16, 1998.
6. Hager, ibid., p. 40; see note 3. Technology's Embattled Frontier", Electronic + "Push for Hearings on ECHELON",
7. National Security Agency, About the NSA, Engineering Times, April 22, 1997; Rufford, WorldNetDaily, November 12, 1998.
FAQ. ; _ Nicholas, "Cracking the Menwith Codes", Sunday — © "Spying on the Spies", Wired, October 27,
8. Ball and Richelson, ibid., p. 143. Times, London, May 31, 1998. 1998.
9. The coverage areas of the various Intelsat 22. Campbell, Duncan, "BT Condemned for "Putting NSA Under Scrutiny", Baltimore Sun,
satellites can be found at website . 4, 1997. = Bryce, Susan, "Silent Partners: The UKUSA
10. Hager, ibid., p. 28. 23. Ibid.; Rufford, ibid. Agreement", NEXUS 2/27, Aug-Sept 1995.
11. Ibid., p. 35. 24. Mentioned in "The Hill", Dispatches.
12. Ibid. 25. Wright, ibid. Memex maintains a website About the Author:
13. Campagna, Marco, "Un Systeme de describing their defence and intelligence prod- Patrick S. Poole is a lecturer in government and
Surveillance Mondiale", Cahiers de Television, ucts and contracts: . Tennessee, USA, having previously served as
Ottawa Citizen, May 10, 1997. 26. Hager, ibid., p. 49. Deputy Director of the Center for Technology
14. Hager, ibid., pp. 35-36, p. 150; Ball and 27. Ibid., pp. 165-166. Policy in Washington, DC. He contributes fre-
Richelson, ibid., pp. 204-207. 28. Ibid., p. 44. quently to several publications on the topics of
15. Frost, Mike and Graton, Michel, Spyworld: 29. Bamford, James, The Puzzle Palace: Inside privacy and civil liberties.
the National Security Agency, America's Most
Secret Intelligence Organization, Penguin Books,
New York, 1983, pp. 138-139.
30. Hager, ibid., p. 45.
31. Ball and Richelson, ibid., pp. 223-224.
Endnotes
1. Wright, Steve, "An Appraisal of Technologies
of Political Control", Scientific and Technological
Options Assessment Committee, European
Parliament, Luxembourg, January 6, 1998.
2. Giussani, Bruno, "European Study Paints a
Chilling Portrait of Technology's Uses", New
York Times, February 24, 1998.
3. Hager, Nicky, Secret Power: New Zealand's
Role in the International Spy Network, Craig
Potton Publishing, Nelson, New Zealand, 1996.
4. Ball, Desmond and Richelson, Jeffrey, The
Ties That Bind: Intelligence Cooperation
between the UKUSA Countries, Allen & Unwin,
Boston, 1985, pp. 137-8.
5. Ibid., pp. 142-143.
6. Hager, ibid., p. 40; see note 3.
7. National Security Agency, About the NSA,
FAQ.
8. Ball and Richelson, ibid., p. 143.
9. The coverage areas of the various Intelsat
satellites can be found at website .
10. Hager, ibid., p. 28.
11. Ibid., p. 35.
12. Ibid.
13. Campagna, Marco, "Un Systeme de
Surveillance Mondiale", Cahiers de Television,
CTV-France, June 1998; Hum, Peter, "I Spy",
Ottawa Citizen, May 10, 1997.
14. Hager, ibid., pp. 35-36, p. 150; Ball and
Richelson, ibid., pp. 204-207.
15. Frost, Mike and Graton, Michel, Spyworld:
Additional References
= Poole, Patrick, "Inside America's Secret Court:
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"
(Privacy Paper).
> "Lawmakers Raise Questions about
International Spy Network", New York Times,
May 27, 1999.
= "How the United States Spies on Us All", Le
Monde Diplomatique, January 1999.
+ "EU may Investigate US Global Spy Network",
Federal Computer Week, November 17, 1998.
+ "ECHELON: Surveilling Surveillance",
Inter@ctive Week, November 16, 1998.
+ "Push for Hearings on ECHELON",
WorldNetDaily, November 12, 1998.
+ "Spying on the Spies", Wired, October 27,
1998.
= "Putting NSA Under Scrutiny", Baltimore Sun,
October 18, 1998.
= Bryce, Susan, "Silent Partners: The UKUSA
Agreement", NEXUS 2/27, Aug-Sept 1995.
About the Author:
Patrick S. Poole is a lecturer in government and
economics at Bannockburn College in Franklin,
Tennessee, USA, having previously served as
Deputy Director of the Center for Technology
Policy in Washington, DC. He contributes fre-
quently to several publications on the topics of
privacy and civil liberties.
NEXUS - 85
AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 1999
/Nexus - 0605 - New Times Magazine/pages/0086/image.png)