Page 88 of 89
D., Daniel, V., Droge, W. (1989), "Low concentrations
of acid-soluble thiol (cysteine) in the blood plasma of
HIV-1—infected patients", Biol. Chem. 370:101-8,
Hoppe-Seyler.
84. Herzenberg, L.A., De Rosa, S.C., Dubs, J.G. et al.
(1997), "Glutathione deficiency is associated with
impaired survival in HIV disease", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
USA 94:1967-72.
85. Montagnier, L., Olivier, R., Pasquier, C. (eds),
Oxidative Stress in Cancer, AIDS and Neurogenerative
Diseases, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1998.
86. Zagury, D., Bernard, J., Leonard, R. et al. (1986),
"Long-Term Cultures of HTLV-III-Infected T Cells: A
Model of Cytopathology of T-Cell Depletion in AIDS",
Science 231:850-853.
87. Rosenberg, Y.J., Anderson, A.O., Pabst, R. (1998),
"HIV-induced decline in blood CD4/CD8 ratios: viral
killing or altered lymphocyte trafficking?" Immunol.
Today 19:10-7.
88. Grossman, Z., Feinberg, M.B., Paul, W.E. (1998),
"Multiple modes of cellular activation and virus trans-
mission in HIV infection: A role for chronically and
latently infected cells in sustaining viral replication",
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:6314-6319.
89. Poon, B., Grovit-Ferbas, K., Stewart, S.A., Chen,
LS.Y. (1998), "Cell cycle arrest by vpr in HIV-1 virions
and insensitivity to antiretroviral agents", Science
281 :266-269.
90. Ter-Grigorov, V.S., Krifuks, O., Liubashevsky, E.,
Nyska, A., Trainin, Z., Toder, V. (1997), "A new trans-
missible AIDS-like disease in mice induced by alloim-
mune stimuli", Nat. Med. 3:37-41.
91. Papadopulos-Eleopulos, E., Turner, V.F.,
Papadimitriou, J.M., Causer, D., Alphonso, H., Miller,
T. (1999), "A critical analysis of the pharmacology of
AZT and its use in AIDS", Curr. Med. Res. Opinion 15;
in press.
92. Concorde Coordinating Committee (1994),
"Concorde: MRC/ANRS randomised double-blind con-
trolled trial of immediate and deferred zidovudine in
symptom-free HIV infection", Lancet 343:871-81.
93. Heresi, G.P., Caceres, E., Atkins, J.T., Reuben, J.,
Doyle, M. (1997), "Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in
infants who were exposed to human immunodeficiency
virus but were not infected: an exception to the AIDS
surveillance case definition", Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:739-
40.
94. Abrams, D., "Lecture to Medical Students",
Synapse, 1996.
95. Buchbinder, S.P., Katz, M.H., Hessol, N.A.,
O'Malley, O.M., Holmberg, S.D. (1994), "Long-term
HIV-1 infection without immunologic progression",
AIDS 8:1123-8.
96. Munoz, A., Kirby, A.Jl., He, Y.D. et al. (1995),
“Long-term survivors with HIV-1 infection: incubation
period and longitudinal patterns of CD4+ lympho-
cytes", Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndromes & Human Retrovirology 8:496-505.
97. Pantaleo, G., Menzo, S., Vaccarezza, M. et al.
(1995), "Studies in subjects with long-term nonprogres-
sive human immunodeficiency virus infection", NEJM
332:209-16; see comments.
98. Kilzer, L., "Optimistic AIDS reports beguiling at-risk
men", The Rocky Mountain News, 3 May 1998, p. 3A.
99. O'Brien, W., Grovit-Ferbas, K., Namazi, A. et al.
(1995), "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replica-
tion can be increased in peripheral blood of seroposi-
tive patients after influenza vaccination", Blood
86:1082-9.
100. Lee, T.H., Sheppard, H.W., Reis, M., Dondero,
D., Osmond, D., Busch, M.P. (1994), "Circulating HIV-
1-infected cell burden from seroconversion to AIDS:
importance of postseroconversion viral load on disease
course", J. Acquir. Immun. Defic. Syndr. 7:381-388.
101. Holodniy, M., Mole, L., Winters, M., Merigan,
T.C. (1994), "Diurnal and short-term stability of HIV
virus load as measured by gene amplification’, J.
Acquir. Immun. Defic. Syndr 7:363-8.
102. Bruisten, S.M., Reiss, P., Loeliger, A.E. et al.
(1998), "Cellular proviral HIV type 1 DNA load persists
after long-term RT-inhibitor therapy in HIV type 1
infected persons", AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses
14:1053-1058.
103. Kaufmann, D., Pantaleo, G., Sudre, P., Telenti, A.
(1998), "CD4-cell count in HIV-1-infected individuals
remaining viraemic with highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART)", Lancet 351:723-724.
104. Garrett, L. (1999), "The virus at the end of the
world", Esquire 103-172.
105. Garrett, L., "AIDS, After The ‘Cure’: Amid set-
backs, search for new hope", Newsday, Sunday 14 June
1998, p. A07.
106. Kaldor, J. and Ashton, L., "The AIDS Debate:
Reconstructing AIDS in Africa", The Independent
Monthly, February 1995, pp. 23-24.
About the Authors:
+ Valendar F. Turner is a Consultant Emergency
Physician. He can be contacted at the Department
of Emergency Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital,
Perth, Western Australia, telephone +61 (0)8 9224
2662, fax +61 (0)8 9224 7045, e-mail