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collection of future taxes. Paper could be made easily negotiable, Money Changers pulling the strings of their usurper, King which made paper tallies the full equivalent of the paper banknote — William III (‘King Billy’), from behind the scenes. money issued by the Bank of England beginning in 1694. By This symbiotic relationship between the Money Changers and 1697, tallies, banknotes and bankbills all began to circulate freely the higher British aristocracy continues to this day. The monarch as interchangeable forms of money. Wooden-stick tallies contin- has no real power but serves as a useful shield for the Money ued to be used until 1826. Doubtless, ways were found to make Changers who rule the City—dominated by the banking House of them circulate at discounts, too, like the paper tallies. Rothschild. One particular tally stick was quite valuable. It represented In its 20 June 1934 issue, New Britain magazine of London £25,000. One of the original stockholders in the Bank of England cited a devastating assertion by former British Prime Minister purchased his original shares with such a stick. In other words, he David Lloyd George, that "Britain is the slave of an international bought shares in the world's richest and most powerful corpora- financial bloc". It also quoted these words written by Lord Bryce: tion, with a stick of wood. "Democracy has no more persistent and insidious foe than the It's ironic that after its formation in 1694, the Bank of England money powers" and pointed out that "questions regarding the attacked the tally stick system because it was money issued out- Bank of England, its conduct and its objects, are not allowed by side the control of the Money Changers. the Speaker" (of the House of Commons). Why would people accept sticks of wood for money? That's a great question. Throughout history, people have traded anything 6. THE BANK OF ENGLAND they thought had value and used that for money. You see, the By the end of the 1600s, England was in financial ruin. Fifty secret is that money is only what people agree on to use as money. years of more or less continuous wars with France, and sometimes What's our paper money today? It's really just paper. the Netherlands had exhausted her. Frantic government officials But here's the trick. King Henry VIII ordered that tally sticks met with the Money Changers to beg for the loans necessary to be used to evidence tax payments received by the government. pursue their political purposes. The price was high: a govern- This built in the demand for tallies and eventually made them cir- ment-sanctioned, privately owned central bank which could issue culate and be accepted as money. And they worked well. In fact, money—created out of nothing—as loans. no other money worked for so long as in the British Empire. The Bank of England was to be the modern world's first pri- In the 1500s, King Henry VIII vately owned, national central bank in relaxed the laws concerning usury, a powerful country, though earlier and the Money Changers wasted no deposit banks had existed in Venice time reasserting themselves. They from 1361, in Amsterdam from 1609, made their gold and silver money | Such is the power of these central and in Sweden from 1661—where plentiful for a few decades. But the first banknotes in Europe were when Queen Mary took the throne banks that they soon take total issued that same year. and tightened the usury laws again, | @ontrol over a nation's economy. Although it was deceptively called the Money Changers renewed the the Bank of England to make the gen- hoarding of gold and silver coin, It soon amounts to nothing but a eral population think it was part of forcing the economy to plummet. | if rul he rich the government, it was not. Like any When Queen Elizabeth I, Mary's p utoc acy, ule by the rich... other private corporation, the Bank of half-sister, took the throne in 1558, England sold shares to get started. she was determined to regain control The investors, whose names were over English money. Her solution never revealed, were supposed to put was to issue gold and silver coins from up one and a quarter million (British the public treasury and thus take away control over the money pounds) in gold coin to buy their shares in the Bank. But only supply from the Money Changers. £750,000 pounds was ever received. Although control over money was not the only cause of the Despite that, the Bank of England was duly chartered in 1694 English Revolution in 1642 (religious differences also fuelled the —_ and started out in the business of lending out several times the conflict), monetary policy played a major role. Financed by the money it supposedly had in reserves, all at interest. In exchange, Money Changers, Oliver Cromwell finally overthrew King the new bank would lend British politicians as much as they want- Charles I (Stuart), purged Parliament and put the King to death. ed. The debt was secured by direct taxation of the British people. The Money Changers were immediately allowed to consolidate So, legalisation of the Bank of England amounted to nothing their financial power. less than legalised counterfeiting of a national currency for private The result was that for the next fifty years the Money Changers gain. Unfortunately, nearly every nation now has a privately con- plunged Great Britain into a series of costly wars. In the centre of _ trolled central bank, the local Money Changers using the Bank of London they took over a square mile of property, known as 'the England as the basic model. City’. Today, this semi-sovereign area is still one of the two pre- Such is the power of these central banks that they soon take dominant financial centres of the world (with Wall Street, New total control over a nation's economy. It soon amounts to nothing York City). It is not under the jurisdiction of the London police, but a plutocracy, rule by the rich, and the bankers soon come to be but has its own private force of 2,000 men. the dominant super-rich class. It is like putting control of the Conflicts with the Stuart Kings led the Money Changers in Army in the hands of the Mafia. The danger of tyranny is England to combine with those in the Netherlands (which already extreme. Yes, we need a central monetary authority—but one had a central bank established by the Money Changers in owned and controlled by the government, not by bankers for their Amsterdam in 1609) to finance the invasion of William of Orange _ private profit. who overthrew the legitimate Stuarts in 1688. England was to Continued on page 79 trade masters: an unpopular King James II for a hidden cabal of Money Changers pulling the strings of their usurper, King William III (‘King Billy’), from behind the scenes. This symbiotic relationship between the Money Changers and the higher British aristocracy continues to this day. The monarch has no real power but serves as a useful shield for the Money Changers who rule the City—dominated by the banking House of Rothschild. In its 20 June 1934 issue, New Britain magazine of London cited a devastating assertion by former British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, that "Britain is the slave of an international financial bloc". It also quoted these words written by Lord Bryce: "Democracy has no more persistent and insidious foe than the money powers" and pointed out that "questions regarding the Bank of England, its conduct and its objects, are not allowed by the Speaker" (of the House of Commons). 16 = NEXUS DECEMBER 1998 - JANUARY 1999