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ELECTROPORATION EFFECTS Earlier in this article I mentioned that my unit produces a very fast radio pulse. This pulse is significant because it can induce an effect known as "electroporation" in some cells and micro-organ- isms. Electroporation effects have actually been seen and video- taped from microscopic work with protozoal organisms. All cells, micro-organisms and viruses are subject to elec- troporation. When an electrical pulse or a light pulse (similar to a photo flash) of sufficient intensity and proper duration is delivered to a cell, pores open up in the outer wall of the cell. The pulses from my unit are generally in the microsecond or millisecond range, and the nec- essary voltage differential across a cell wall is 0.5 to 1.5 volts. Traditionally, a laborato- ry would use several thousand volts of electricity to produce electroporation. In this proce- dure, electroporation occurs rapidly after the cells are sub- ind evisceration of Paramecium t uence of the plasma wave. jected to the pulse. Yet it has been found that by using a pulsed radio wave output into a gas plasma with a modu- lated resonant audio frequency, the necessary voltage for electro- poration is achieved apparently without the high electrical field strengths. The wave from my device produces electroporation effects rather slowly. local RF field very close to the device, and this quickly drops off to a negligible level at treatment distances. It is not the RF energy that is solely doing the work, although it is considered to participate to some degree; it is the plasma wave generated from the tube that primarily does the work. The radio energy that remains after absorption by the plasma is too low to produce any diathermy, i.e., heating effects, at treatment dis- tances. The output energy from the Rife/Bare device consists of several important factors. First is the energy from the plasma tube, or the plasma wave. This wave can pass through leaded walls, Faraday cages and steel containers. For instance, I can keep the fruit in my refrigerator from going mouldy by running mould frequencies every few days. Another wave that comes from the tube is directly related to the gas type, the power applied to the tube, the modu- | Electroporation, disintegration < lated audio frequency and the caudatum while under infl tube gas pressure. This wave is the light wave which can vary with all the above-listed items. It has been found of late that the colour mauve—found mostly in an 80% argon/20% neon mixture, or in certain pressures of pure argon gas—apparently produces the most beneficial overall physiological effects. This colour has also been shown to be the most destructive to cancer cells. One must understand that the light wave to some degree modu- lates or carries the energy from the tube, in much the same way as a laser light beam carries energy. Within inches of the tube is an electrostatic field that has been measured at around 25,000 volts per metre. If desired, this field can be intensified to the point of pro- ducing ozone, but there is no rea- son to do so. The electrostatic field is important in getting the tube to light and for maintenance of the plasma. Recently some experimentation has been done with various gases and pressures within the plasma tube, and optimal values for some gases and mixtures have been found. Most people who have one of my devices are currently using leaded glass tubing for their plasma tubes. The lead acts as a conduc- tor, allowing the tube to light more easily while tolerating higher gas pressures. But demand has been high enough that there are now manufacturers making not only leaded glass but Pyrex glass, quartz glass and original Rife globe- type tubes for the device, to suits a variety of needs. Micron-sized pore in th he Electroporation, disintegration and evisceration of Paramecium caudatum while under influence of the plasma wave. The electroporation effect can be initiated with rather short exposure times of but a few minutes, or it may occur after exposure times as long as 40 minutes. The rate at which electroporation occurs depends on several variables: the organism, the applied power levels, and the type of gas in the plasma tube. The pores formed by electro- poration can be reversible or irre- versible. At sufficient intensity and exposure times, the pores that are formed are irreversible, the osmotic equilibrium of the cell is disrupted, and the cell dies, or in some cases explodes. High-voltage-induced electropo- ration is currently being used in experiments in gene transfer, in the introduction of chemical cells, and in the food processi industry with the aim of increasing the shelf-life of perishable foods. Generally the pores are very small, in the nanometre range (billionths of a metre), and can only be detect- ed with an electron microscope. But I have videotape taken through my darkfield microscope of absolutely huge, micron- sized pores opening in the cell walls of protozoa due to the effects of my device. e side of a P. caudatum. Micron-sized pore in the side of a P. caudatum. 46 - NEXUS FEBRUARY - MARCH 1998