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our atomic safeguards were not Germans or Japanese, but Russians. "Suspicion of Russia was not very popular in some cir- cles [in Washington]," he stated. "It was popular in Oak Ridge, and from one month of the time I took over we never trusted them one iota. From that time on, our whole security was based on not letting the Russians find out anything."° That the Ri ns found out everything from alpha to omega has been established by volumes of proof. Through trials in Canada, England and the United States there has been revealed the existence of an espionage network so enormously effective that Russia, scientists calculated, "should have been able to make a bomb considerably before September 1949". The network chief was the former Soviet Vice Consul in New York, Anatoli A. Yakovlev, who fled in 1946. Oxygen Co. of San Francisco, which shipped the merchandise on October 30 by railway express to Chematar's New York office. Rosenberg forwarded the consignment to the Purchasing Commission in Washington, which dispatched it on November 29, by way of the Pipeline, to Rasnoimport, USSR, Moscow U-1, Ruybjshova-22. The order was packed with as much tenderness as if it had been a casket of jewels. Forty pyrex ampoules, each containing 25 grams, were enclosed in mailing tubes and wrapped in layers of cotton. The ampoules were divided in lots of 10 among four car- tons, which were placed, with further precautions against damage, in a large wooden box. This was strapped and sealed. The over- all weight was 41.12 pounds. The cost of the fluid content was that of expensive perfumes—$80 an ounce. The export of heavy water to the Soviet Union was approved by a release certificate, No. 366, dated November 15, with the signa- ture of William C. Moore, Division for Soviet Supply, Office of Lend-Lease Administration. If General Groves had been consulted, the heavy water would not have left this country. Had it been known at the time, he said, that 1,000 grams were available, unquestionably he would have bought the treasure himself. He added, "If it had been pure."* That it was between 99.7 and 99.8 per cent pure was attested by an independent analysis made for Rosenberg in the laboratories of Abbot A. Hanks, Inc., San Francisco. At the beginning of 1945, the Soviet Purchasing Commission placed with Rosenberg a second order for heavy water. Only 100 grams were sought. He applied once more to the Stuart concern, which expressed the ‘liquid diamonds' to Chematar on February 7. One week later Rosenberg forwarded the parcel to the commis- sion. Its subsequent adventures have not been traced. In August of the same year, Rosenberg was naturalized as an American citi- THE STORY OF THE "HEAVY WATER" What is popularly known as "heavy water" is technically called deuterium oxide. It is in crystal form, not liquid. In alleging medical and other grounds for its needs of uranium oxide and uranium nitrate, Russia had taken care to observe an appearance of truth, for such use is not unknown to therapeutics. It had been tried out in throat sprays and lent its name to Uranwein, a German specific against diabetes. Uranium oxide had been tested as an alloy for toughening steel, but it was found difficult to handle and had erratic results. Therefore when Moscow asked for heavy water, they let the cat out of the bag. Except for curious experiments in retarding plant growth, heavy water boasts only one useful property: it is the best of moderators for slowing down the speed of neutrons in nuclear reactions. Records in evidence’ prove that on August 23, 1943, Hermann Rosenberg of Chematar received an application from the Soviet Purchasing Commission for 1,000 grams of deuterium oxide. The purpose stated was "research". A supplier was found in the Stuart zen... Beryllium metals Cadmium alloys Cadmium metals Cobalt ore & concentrate Cobalt metal & cobalt-bearing scrap Uranium metal Aluminum tubes Graphite, natural, flake, lump or chip Beryllium salts & compounds Cadmium oxide Cadmium salts & compounds Cadmium sulfate Cadmium sulfide Cobalt nitrate Cobalt oxide Cobalt salts & compounds Cobaltic & cobaltous sulfate Deuterium oxide (heavy water) Thorium salts & compounds Uranium nitrate Uranium nitrate (U02) Uranium oxide Uranium, urano-uranic oxide (U308) 9,681 Ibs 72,535 lbs 834,989 lbs 33,600 Ibs 806,941 Ibs 2.2 Ibs 13,766,472 lbs 7,384,282 Ibs 228 Ibs 2,100 Ibs 2 Ibs 2,170 Ibs 16,823 Ibs 51 Ibs 17,800 Ibs 11,475 Ibs 22 lbs 1,100 grs 25,352 Ibs 500 Ibs 220 Ibs 500 Ibs 200 Ibs 10,874 70,029 781,466 49,782 1,190,774 32,580 NEXUS - 29 Item Quantity Cost in US Dollars FEBRUARY - MARCH 1997