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second only to the Americans in their consumption of PVC products. Our local industry (ICI and Auseon) has actually increased PVC manufacture. Long-term research into PVC and phthalates would involve millions of dollars—money better spent on anti-cancer research, perhaps. If, as Senator Woods suggests, "there is no immediate risk", what of the risks to future gen- Ss -a-tesearcherand graphile at io lives'in-Melbourne;Australia. He dedicates this-article to. his.son, Anscar, and his. wife; Cate,; Hé‘also invites réaders'to comment on this‘article. erations? * Barry is currently researching material fora Endnotes screenplay based around=man-made “flying A ' DEHP is used in such PVC-based products as acetates, adhesives, adhesive plaster foils, slben and t ic el of associated ‘tech- antiperspirants, air filters, automobile tyres, bandages, celluloid (film), carpets, casts, cosmet- nology His interests include the appropriation of ics, emulsion paints, engineering compounds, eyeglasses, filtration systems, food packaging, German WWi military equipment: and personnel: garden hose, hearing aids, inks, insect repellents, laminated cloth, lacquers, lubricants, pack- upon Germany's capitulation, especially removal aging film, perfumes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, pipes, plasticiser compounds, polyester to other countries, eg: ‘Australia, Canada, United: fibres, protective gloves, PVC, resins, shower curtains, solvents, toys, vacuum pumps, vinyl flooring and upholstery, wallpapers, and wire coatings for electrical cable. j tates, etc. Anyone: with: information on WWiIl- ? Kraft Foods conducted independent research into phthalates some 15 years ago. Their report “German weapons technology, undetground bases, was unavailable for scrutiny, however, as "the results were inconclusive”. merchant raiders, etc,, who would. like to: * For the record, major manufacturers of baby milk formula in the UK are Nestlé, Milupa, H. exchange information, can phone Barry during J. Heinz and Cow & Gate and, in Australia, Wyeth, Nestlé, Mead Johnson, H.J. Heinz and office hours on:(03) 9292'1411, or fax. him’on (03) Douglas Pharmaccuticals. 9292 1177. Barry can also be ‘reached via:e-mail * The CSIRO (the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) has no official policy on phthalates as yet. _at;-bdensley@newscorp.com-au References ie discussion draft, Center forthe Study of Environmental _. Department of Medicine, University:of Newcaatle- * Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’ ‘od Badoetie Effects, Washinigton, 22 September 1995: upon-Tyne, England, UK, January:1990. = (ATSDR), "Public Health Actions and Findings"! + Environmental oest : Consequences to human ° * “Plasticisers in baby food formula", Daily Mail, Congressional Testimony, US Senate, May 1993... health and wildlife”, tite for Eavironmental Health Londo, 27 May. 1996, : * Ashby, Brady, Elcombe, Elliott, Ishmael, Odam, ~.- (EH), University of Leicester, UK, 1996. + PACIA, "Our Stolen Future® (handout), Australia, Tugwood, Kettle and Purchase, Hienan and + Food: aid Dmg Administration, Biocompatibility - Tune 1996, Experimental Toxicology, vol. 13, supp. 2; 1994: Guidelines for Medical Devices”, USA,'1992- ~Pinchbeck, “Downward Motility”, icine, January + Assault on the Male, Horizon, BBC TV, 1993. ”. “Greenpeace, "Phthalates fing Sheet and Analytical 1996. + Australian Lactation Consultants Association; Report.on Phthalate Con tion of Hotnebush, *"Poisindex", database at Royal' Melbourne Children’ 8 "Marketing in Australia of infant formulas", May 1992. “Sydney”, Australia, 1995-1996, Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, June 1996... <* + Australian Standards on "Plastics for Food Contact » Greenpeace, “Taking Back Out Stolen Future: * Raeburn, "From a Silent Spring to Barren Spring”, Use" (AS 2070, AS 2400, AS2477, AS 1886, AS 1404, _ Hotmone Disruption and PVC Plastic" (report), Business’ Week, 18 March 1996, AS 2139, AS 2171, AS 1886, AS2183 and.AS'2609), “Australia; April 1996. + # Raloff, "The Gender Benders", Science News, vol, Standards Association of Australia, 197721992: a: Gunningham, “Environment; Self-regulatiod and the 145; January 1994; pp: 24-27. + Barrett, "Phytoestrogens: Friends or Foes?", “Chemical Industry: Assessing Responsible Care”, _ # Raloff, "Pesticides may Challenge Human nity Australian: Centre for Environmental La ‘Australia ‘Science News, March 1996. “Reimann, Patents for Hitler, Richard'Clay and Co... Lid, Suffolk, England, 1942 (publishéd 1947). « Ritter, "Teratogenicity studies: on diethyheiy) Environmental Heulth Perspectives (EHP), vol: 104;-nd. 5, diay 1%, . Pp. 78-82. iy 9 il )hthalate" verninen : ier aes (ep), Gove ee Fuel fie blac Stopes A Meabolc + "Bis(2-eiylhexyl) phthalate", Priority Substances List © Study", Vox Sang, vol. 39, 1990, pp. 146- Assessnient Report, Environmental Protection“ id Whisson; "The Pasteur effect in Authority, Canada, 1994, ; tains are and metabolic * British Medical Journal, UK, February 1996. <= Eemnieny: vol 91,1995, + British Plastics Federation. news rélease, April 1996,’ PP: T5287 + British Plastics Federation, “A response to-Greenpeace, Her Majesty's nas UK's anti-PVC campaign”. UK, June 1996; +.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health, "Chemical Evaluation”, Canada, May 1996. ied *Colbum, Myers and Dumanoski,, Our Stolen Future, Dutton/Penguin, USA, 1996. ; * Colburn, von Sail and Soto, "Developmental Bffects Lathan, "What's ‘wroil with oursperm?", Tint, 18 1 tary’ oes human health: is there a problei?, EHP, April 1995. * Taubes; “Pesticides and'Breast Cancer: No:Link?",” Sciencé;-vol. 264, 22: April 1994, p499. s + Therapeutic Goods Administration Library, Woden; i eee eae chemicals on main sind the envi- Ba of Leicester; UK, 1996. . Australia, Gail (Dr) (letter, Dept of Medicine, University» Al of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlifeand .. March 1996. : of Otaea), Transfusion, vol. 30, 1990, p..767. Humans", EHP, vol. 101, October 1993, pp. 378-84, * Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food: (MAFF), ‘Uaderstanding Infertility: Risk factors Affecting : + Cone, "Battle looms on chemicals that disrupt hor- “Phthalates in Paper and Board Packaging", Food Fertility", Research Studies, Minister of ‘Supply and mones”, Los Angeles Times, October 1994: : Sinveilance Iatormat {Sheet 60, abe ‘ Services, Canada, vol.:7,-1993, * "Victoria's Health:: Second Report-on the Health tative Council on Obstetric and Puede Moir ipell frnieey anaes tema Status of Victorians”, FICS. Victoria, Australia, 1998. Mortality and Morbidity, Annual Report, Australia, 1994, : * MAFF, "Phthalates in infant fom, Food “ + Warhturst, "Hortndne-disrupting toxicity", University +*"DEHP: di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate", TOXFA\ Surveillance Information Sheet'83, UK, 1996. of Edinburgh, Scotland, May'1996. ATSDR, the aed re 1993. ° Oe 4 "More plastic hazards”, Choice, September 1987. + Whisson; Nakhoul, Howman, Niu and Guppy, + Department of Agriculture, "A Review of Growth * “Statement fromthe hilaarcen on eae “Quantitative study of starving platelets ina minimal medium maintenance by-acetate or plasma but not by glucase”, Transfusion Medicine, vol.3, 1993, Pps 103. 13. Promotant Experiments in Beef Cattle iti South | Gippsland”, Victoria, Australia, 1986. : |» Department of Health and Human Services, “Sixth Annual Report on Carcinogens’, USA, 1991. UK, 28 May 1996: : + Wise, "Update on Hypoglycaemiia”, 1975. . Dierioneey of Se enti fic anata Terms, + National Health and Medical Reseaich Council, » "World scientists list developmental risks from McGraw-Hill, 1978. _ "Plasticiser Report”, Australia, November 1987. endocrine disruptors”, Water Policy‘ Report; Global + "Di:N:Octy! Phthalate” (report),Governmentof * "New Ain Chat, July 1986. i Press, June 1996, Canada, 1993. + Edinburgh, Global Geocancerology (G..M: Howe; ¢d.), Churchill Livingston, New York, 1986. + Environmental Endocrine Effects! An Overview of the State of Scientific Knowledge and Uncertainties", + World Health Organization, "EHC 131: Diesel : Phihalate’, Environmental Health Criteria, 1992. “Woods, Robert (Senator), “Inimediate Investigatio * following UK Baby Milk Scare” {media release), .: Australian Senate, 28 May 1996. : Endnotes ' DEHP is used in such PVC-based products as acetates, adhesives, adhesive plaster foils, antiperspirants, air filters, automobile tyres, bandages, celluloid (film), carpets, casts, cosmet- ics, emulsion paints, engineering compounds, eyeglasses, filtration systems, food packaging, garden hose, hearing aids, inks, insect repellents, laminated cloth, lacquers, lubricants, pack- aging film, perfumes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, pipes, plasticiser compounds, polyester fibres, protective gloves, PVC, resins, shower curtains, solvents, toys, vacuum pumps, vinyl flooring and upholstery, wallpapers, and wire voatings for electrical cable. ? Kraft Foods conducted independent research into phthalates some 15 years ago. Their report was unavailable for scrutiny, however, as "the results were inconclusive”. * For the record, major manufacturers of baby milk formula in the UK are Nestlé, Milupa, H. J. Heinz and Cow & Gate and, in Australia, Wyeth, Nestlé, Mead Johnson, H.J. Heinz and Douglas Pharmaceuticals. * The CSIRO (the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) has no official policy on phthalates as yet. 14° NEXUS OCTOBER - NOVEMBER 1996