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.-THE REVOLUTION In 1994, the Strategic Studies Institute (SS-f) of the US Army War College (Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania) produced a ,paper entitled, "The RevoLution in Military Affairs and Conflict Short of War"l, In the paper, the authors propose that, "Many American strategic thinkers believe that we are in the begmning stages of a [sic] his torical revolution in military affairs (RMA). This will not only change the nature of war fare, but also alter the global geopolitical balance."2 This revolution is not only strategic. It is also fundamentally technological. "Sensor technology, robotics, nonletha1 weapons, and intelligence meshes will be used in combatting terrorism, countering narcotrafficting, and! peace operations. These tech nologies, along with simulator training and unmanned aerial vehicles, will also be usefu~ in insurgency and counterinsurgency."~ The authors of the SSI paper recommend ongoing research, analysis and debate on a number of topics including, "Technology designed specifically for conflict short of war, 'esl1ecially psychological, biological, and defensive technolog)'."~ They also suggest that, as "large numbers of Americans may find themselves in areas of instabUity and conflict", such individuals might benefit from being "equipped with an electronic individual posi tion locator device ([PLD), The device, derived from the electronic bracelet used to con trol some criminal offenders Qr parolees, would continuously ,inform a central data bank of the individuals' locations. Eventually such a device could be permanently implanted under the skin.....s The paper also openly declares that, "Behavior modification is a key component of peace enfoKcment," and that "'Soft kin' systems can playa key role,"6 Furthermore, with regard to counterinsurgency, "Greatly improved intelligence gathering andl fusion is a pri mary component of the RMA, and proposed information warfare capabilities might be ideally suited for helping develop desired emotions, attitudes or behavior."7 The authors rec.ognis.e that, "The use of new technology may also run countcr to basic American values", and that, "Deception, while frequently of great military or p.olitica~ value, is ,thought of as somehow 'un-American', "8 Due to this fact, and also that the majority of Americans may find the use of many of the emerging techn.ologies "morally difficult", the authors conclude that the military might consideF that "American values and anitudes thus form significant constraints on full use of emerging technology, at least in anything short of a perceived war for national sur vival."· The central premise of the paper is that: "In its purest sense, revolution brings change that is permanent, fundamental, and rapid. Tibe basic premise of the revolution in military affairs (RMA) is simple: throughout histo ry, warfare usual 11y developed in an evolutionary fashion, but occasionally ideas and inventions combincd to propel dramatic and decisive change. l1his not only affected the application of military force, but often altered the geopolitical balance in favor of those who mastered the new form of warfare. The stakes of military revolution are thus immense, .. "10 With such "immense" stakes, might the military have felt the need to covertly foster revolution in order to bring about the change necessary to make the use of new weapons and technologies less "morally difficult" for the American pcople? The paper leaves the reader in little doubt that the answer to this question is resolutely affinrrative, for the paper declares: JUNE -JULY i 995 NEXUS • 31