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Prehistoric Maps here is now no doubt that advanced civilisations have existed on the Earth many thousand years ago before polar shifts, worldwide floods, ice ages and other nat- ural phenomena changed the surface of our planet. Indisputable evidence can be found in the ruins of prehistoric monuments such as those of Tiahuanaco for example, or in ancient calendars such as the Mayan one which started in 49,617 BC or the Egyptian one in 49,219 BC. It should be noticed that the interval of 398 years between these two dates represents twenty conjunction periods of Jupiter and Satu or 178 of The Piri Reis Mars and Jupiter. Another kind of evidence can be found in the mediaeval maps of the Earth showing the Antarctic continent free of ice with its lakes, rivers and mountains which have now been map pr oves that covered with several thousand metres of ice for several thousand years. According to 1 their authors, these maps were copies of prehistoric maps they had found in the Library of the Ear th S Alexandria before it was burned three times—once by the Romans, once by the Christians and once by the Arabs. The mediaeval map designers did not know the existence of the American and Antarctic continents but had already navigated around Africa. That is why some of their maps were surface was measu red a nd centred on Africa with almost correct latitudes, longitudes and orientations, and complete- ly wrong data for the other two continents. Fortunately, it has recently been possible to understand the causes of their errors and reconstruct some of the original prehistoric maps exp I or ed by an that they had used to design their own maps several thousand years later. d d The best mediaeval map I know is one which was designed in 1513 by a Turkish admi- rs | vance ral named Piri Reis and discovered in 1931 in the old imperial palace of Topkapi in Istanbul. I have a full-size colour copy of that map which a friend of mine had brought e oge e civilisa tion long me from Turkey a few years ago. The map was designed on a gazelle skin which must have been shrinking during the last five hundred years. The remaining part of it, less than before the last one half in width, has a north-south length of 91 cm and an east-west width of 63 cm. The design was based on a circle divided into 16 sections separated by 16 small circles 22 i ce age 1/2 degrees apart around the circumference. The map represented a plane circular projec- r4 ° tion of a spherical cap of the Earth as it could be seen by an astronaut from a high altitude above Egypt. The centre of the circle is missing and only five small circles remain, enclosing an angle of 90 degrees or one quaner of the circle. I recently decided to calculate the original angles and dimensions of the map from the intervals between small circles, which were the only clues I had. I found that the centre of the circle must have been located at the intersection of the meridian of Alexandria at 30 degrees east and the Tropic of Cancer at 23 degrees north. That could have been the posi- tion of the equator when the original prehistoric map was designed, probably more than twelve thousand vears aga when the Santh Pole was in a different Incation and there was here is now no doubt that advanced civilisations have existed on the Earth many thousand years ago before polar shifts, worldwide floods, ice ages and other nat- ural phenomena changed the surface of our planet. Indisputable evidence can be found in the ruins of prehistoric monuments such as those of Tiahuanaco for example, or in ancient calendars such as the Mayan one which started in 49,617 BC or the Egyptian one in 49,219 BC. It should be noticed that the interval of 398 years between these two dates represents twenty conjunction periods of Jupiter and Satu or 178 of Mars and Jupiter. Another kind of evidence can be found in the mediaeval maps of the Earth showing the Antarctic continent free of ice with its lakes, rivers and mountains which have now been covered with several thousand metres of ice for several thousand years. According to their authors, these maps were copies of prehistoric maps they had found in the Library of Alexandria before it was burned three times—once by the Romans, once by the Christians and once by the Arabs. The mediaeval! map designers did not know the existence of the American and Antarctic continents but had already navigated around Africa. That is why some of their maps were centred on Africa with almost correct latitudes, longitudes and orientations, and complete- ly wrong data for the other two continents. Fortunately, it has recently been possible to understand the causes of their errors and reconstruct some of the original prehistoric maps that they had used to design their own maps several thousand years later. The best mediaeval map I know is one which was designed in 1513 by a Turkish admi- ral named Piri Reis and discovered in 1931 in the old imperial palace of Topkapi in Istanbul. I have a full-size colour copy of that map which a friend of mine had brought me from Turkey a few years ago. The map was designed on a gazelle skin which must have been shrinking during the last five hundred years. The remaining part of it, less than one half in width, has a north-south length of 91 cm and an east-west width of 63 cm. The design was based on a circle divided into 16 sections separated by 16 small circles 22 1/2 degrees apart around the circumference. The map represented a plane circular projec- tion of a spherical cap of the Earth as it could be seen by an astronaut from a high altitude above Egypt. The centre of the circle is missing and only five small circles remain, enclosing an angle of 90 degrees or one quaner of the circle. I recently decided to calculate the original angles and dimensions of the map from the intervals between small circles, which were the only clues I had. I found that the centre of the circle must have been located at the intersection of the meridian of Alexandria at 30 degrees east and the Tropic of Cancer at 23 degrees north. That could have been the posi- tion of the equator when the original prehistoric map was designed, probably more than twelve thousand years ago when the South Pole was in a different location and there was no ice on the Antarctic continent or the sea water around it. According to the experts, the gazelle skin must have been shrinking by about one per- cent since the map was designed almost 500 years ago. And since the spacing between small circles is now about 209 mm, it can reasonably be assumed that the circular map was designed in 1513 AD with a circumference of 3,388 mm, a radius of 539 mm, and a spacing between small circles of 211.75 mm. Strangely enough, these dimensions would correspond to exact multiples of the pyramid inch of 25.666 mm which I have described in previous articles as a fraction of a land mile of 1,848 metres—namely, 132, 21 and 8 1/4 inches, with the usual pi factor of 22/7, That would make sense since the Turks were ruling Egypt at that time and knew the dimensions of the prehistoric maps in the Library of Alexandria and those of the Great Pyramid before they removed the casing stones. by Maurice Chatelain Reprinted with permission from Ancient Skies vol 21, no, 3 - July-August 1994 © 1994, Ancient Astronaut Society 1921 St Johns Avenue Highland Park, IL 60035-3105, USA Phone +1 (708) 295 8899 12 © NEXUS DECEMBER 1994 - JANUARY 1995