Nexus - 0218 - New Times Magazine-pages

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NEWSCIENCENEWSCIENCEN sis. His book tells the reader in simple lan- _ fied, by having a separate search coil on the to increase at a rate that curves upwards guage how magnetism develops as domains magnetising coil side of the gap, that the with increasing air gap we would see a dis- reorientate their action and, further, his flux traversing the gap and linking the test crepancy representing a loss, but if it book tells the reader about anomalous ener- search coil is nearly the same but a little curves downwards then that means that gy aspects, including the unsolved mystery _less than that on the magnetising side. So, _ there is a ‘free energy’ source. of extremely high loss anomalies (a factor in our worst-case analysis we may rely on The experiment is very positively show- of 10 greater than theory predicts). I refer the mechanical energy calculated from the jing the downward curve and so gives the to a book sold in students’ paperback edi- weaker flux measured in the test search ‘free energy' answer, but, to my surprise, tion by the Van Nostrand Company coil. That flux must be less than the flux in _ with the coil arrangement shown in Fig. 2, (Princeton, New Jersey), published in 1966 the gap. T found that the ‘free energy’ becomes avail- and authored by F. Brailsford under the —_— By adjusting the current at successive able well below the knee of the B-H curve tile, Physical Principles of Magnetism. gap thicknesses to ensure that the voltage at quite normal flux densities! Even at If the reader belongs to a university and sensed by the test search coil is always the one-fifth of magnetic saturation Icvels, the that book can be accessed from the library, same, we then know that the gap energy excess free energy potential can exceed the then that reader will, I feel, after perform- available as mechanical work increments input power and give a twice-unity factor ing the following experiment, be able to _ linearly with gap thickness. For each such of performance. It is, therefore, no wonder make sense of the ‘free energy’ opportuni- measurement we record the current regis- that at higher flux densities one can aim for ties now confronting the world of magnet- tered as input to the magnetising coil. a 700% performance, as the Adams motor ism. The Brailsford book is not, of course, If we now multiply the current by the has shown. necessary as a preliminary to the experi- voltage measured, allowing for the tums On reflcction, the reason of course is that ment but it can help in onward thinking. ratio as between the magnetising winding magnetism set up by a coil on a magnetic Indeed, as an aside, I mention that when I and the test search coil, we can find the core progresses as flux around the core cir- spoke recently about the Floyd Sweet volt-amp input, which in the absence of cuit by virtue of a ‘knock-on’ effect owing device to one of our mutual collaborators josses is the reactance or inductive power. 0 internal domain flux rotation. This is here in UK, I was gratified to hear that he, This allows us to compare the power output essential and is usually attributed to a flux too, has a copy of the Brailsford book. potentially available mechanically from leakage reaction, as otherwise magnetism The experiment is simplicity itself, con- such an air gap, if it were in a reluctance remote from a magnetising coil could not sidering the energy issue involved. Take a motor structure, compared with the reactive navigate the bends in the core. That flux standard transformer kit and assemble the power supplied to set up that potential. rotation, which is dominant above the knee laminations so that there is what is virtually It is found that the mechanical power is 0f the B-H curve for a system with a mag- an air gap in the core. Be prepared to appreciably greater than the input power, N¢tising coil coextensive with the length of reassemble the core partially with different thereby demonstrating that ‘free cnergy' is the core, is brought into effect at low flux width gaps. I cut pieces of card of 0.25 to be expected, densities if the coil only embraces one part mm thickness and performed the experi- of the core. ment in ten repeat assembly stages, using 0 shout the calculations to find the reactive _ | regard the experiment just described as to9 card thicknesses. ; ; power input by multiplying volts and amps crucial experiment proving the viability The idea of the experiment is to create an and allowing for the coil tums ratio. It suf- f Over-unity-performing reluctance drive excited core state in which there is aknown fices to plot the curve of current for differ- ™otors and believe it should become stan- amount of energy stored in the air gap. If ent air gap thicknesses. Since the flux dard in all teaching laboratories concerned the AC frequency is 60 Hz this means that crossing the gap has fixed amplitude, as with electrical engineering and eventually, in 1/240th of a second an amount of energy measured by a constant voltage reading as physicists see the aether in its new light, is supplied as inductance energy that can that means linear increase in moghedded! also in all high school physics laboratories. meet the needs of the air gap. Note that I sh of ' consistently made estimates of energy that a an ae On ee Continued next issue... were worst-case from our ‘free energy’ per- —_ spective. Therefore, the extra energy sup- (er &, plied that is stored as inductance in the fer- 5 ss . romagnetic core itself, rather than the air & gap, is ignored. The plan is to compare that energy with the mechanical energy that s we could take from the gap if the poles thereby formed were to close together and do work as if in an electromagnet. Textbooks tell us that the energy deter- mined by the flux density in the gap repre- sents that mechanically available energy. So we need, for each air gap thickness, to measure the flux that crosses the air gap. We do this by wrapping a search coil around the part of the core that is on the side of the air gap remote from the mag- netising coil and measuring the voltage induced in that search coil. It may be veri- Now, one does not even need to worry we = vs nee s NEXUS¢*57 — FEBRUARY - MARCH 1994