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Andrea Soares Berrios and Oscar Zambrano, who also translated during follow-up communications and further development of the piece. I worked on the final edits with Comandante Santa Maria in English. 1 assigning a security classification and code name to it General Nathan F. Twining to Commander, Air Material Command, "AMC Opinion Concerning Tlying Discs/" September 23,1947 (contained in Edwin U. Condon, project director, Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects, 1969), pp. 894- 95. 2 and given the code name "Sign" Directive—Major General L. C. Craigie to Commanding General Wright Field (Wright-Patterson AFB), Disposition and Security for Project Sign, December 30,1947 (contained in Edwin U. Condon, project director, Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects, 1969) p. 896. 3 repeated attempts using the Freedom of Information Act Edward J. Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects (Doubleday & Company, 1956), pp. 62-63. Ruppelt was the first chief of Project Blue Book, from early 1951 until September 1953. David Michael Jacobs, The UFO Controversy in America (Indiana University Press, 1975), p. 47. Michael D. Swords, "Project Sign and the Estimate of the Situation," Journal of UFO Studies, ns. 7 (2000), pp. 27-64, http://www.ufoscience.org/history/swords.pdf. 4 ‘from another nation in this world"W. P. Keay, FBI memorandum, "Flying Saucers," July 29,1952 (contained in Bruce Maccabee, UFO FBI Connection (Llewellyn Publications, 2000). 5 "seriously considering the possibility of planetary ships" W. P. Keay, FBI memorandum, "Flying Saucers," October 27,1952 (Maccabee, ibid.). 6 “any conceivable threat to the United States" The press conference was filmed and General Samford's opening statement has been shown in numerous documentaries. It can be seen in the James Fox film J Know What I Saw and on this UFO (2000), ns. Pp- 1952 news clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utXSHVMOoPM.. 7 "or known types of aerial vehicles" H. Marshall Chadwell, memorandum for Director of Central Intelligence, December 2,1952. 8 "to minimize risk of panic" H. Marshall Chadwell, memorandum for Director of Central Intelligence, "Flying Saucers," September 11,1952, pp. 3-4. 9 "to review and appraise the available evidence" "Unidentified Flying Objects," December 4,1952, IAG-M-90. 10 "the aura of mystery they have unfortunately acquired" F. C Durant, "Report of Meetings of Scientific Advisory Panel on Unidentified Flying Objects," convened by Office of Scientific Intelligence, CA, January 14-18,1953. 11 "It made the subject ofUFOs scientifically unrespectable" Hynek, The Hynek rman UFO Report, p. 23. 12 "to decide the nature of the UFO phenomenon" J. Allen Hynek, The UFO Experience (Marlowe & Company, 1998; originally published 1972), p. 169. 13 "any basis in fact" Ibid., p. 186. 14 "as poor as they were" Ibid., p. 183. 15 hosted by the trusted Walter Cronkite This letter, dated September 10, 1966, was found in the archives of the Smithsonian Institution by Dr. Michael Swords. 16 "science is more served by fact" "UFO: Friend, Foe or Fantasy?" hosted by Walter Cronkite, CBS special, 1966, http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=2935380n.. 17 congressional hearings on the subject of UFOs Congressman Gerald R. Ford, letter to L. Mendel Rivers, Chairman, Science and Astronautics Committee of the Committee on Armed Services, March 28,1966; David Michael Jacobs, The UFO CHAPTER 11: THE ROOTS OF UFO DEBUNKING IN AMERICA