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universal compassion, which led to the practice of harmlessness and non- violence to any living creature, which meant vegetarianism and pacifism. This philosophical and humane conception of God and the humanitarian practices that follow from this conception stands in sharp contrast with the later anthropopmorphic personal gods of the Jews and Christians, who were conceived as having a human form and, in the form of Jehovah, to have human passions, including baser ones of revengefulness, jealousy, etc. Also, being conceived as a being apart from his creations - animals and human beings - whom he fashioned from the "dust of the earth," he is not the indwelling deity of Brahmanism. The man-god of Judaism and Christianity gave man mastery over the lower animals and not only did not forbid him to kill and eat them, but encouraged and insisted on such killing in sacrifice to him in the form of burnt offerings. And, in the Old Testament, he also encouraged warfare and murder of those who refused to accept him and who worshipped other gods. It is therefore clear that the later Western conceptions of deity are quite barbarous in comparison with the pure and humane doctrine taught by Chrishna. In his work, "Buddhism and Christianity," Arthur Lillie claims that the Essenes, who were the first Christians, derived their doctrines and practices from Buddhist missionaries who came westward during the third century B. C. during the reign of King Asoka, finding converts among them; and this explains the similarity of the life of the Essenes with that of Buddhist monks. Lillie's conclusion, based on long and careful research, is that the earliest and only authentic original gospel, or Diegesis, came from the Essenes and that all that is anti-Essene in the four best known gospels is accretion. As we have mentioned, the influence of Buddhist philosophy also reached the Essenes through Pythagoras and Apollonius of Tyana, both of whom studied in the Himalayas and Tibet under Buddhist sages. The Essenes, or the first Christians, were therefore converts to Buddhism and Chrishnaism (Buddhism being a reformed revival of the original doctrines of Chrishna which had since degenerated at the hands of the orthodox Brahmanical priesthood); and the Essene founder of Christianity, Apollonius of Tyana, was a disciple of a Buddhist teacher (Iarchus), who combined Buddhism with western Pythagorean doctrines. In his book, Lillie shows that Essenism, or Original Christianity, represented an occidental version of Buddhism, and that this was the origin of Christianity, the Christian gospels having been originally Hindu gospels devoted to the life and teachings of Chrishna and Buddha, the name Chrishna being changed to Cristos or Christ, with the name Jesus added, it is claimed, that two centuries before the present era, Buddhist missionaries introduced these teachings into Palestine and appeared in Egypt within two generations of the time of Alexander the Great. This led to a mystic movement among the Jews, who took up these teachings as they were brought to them by the martyred Jehoshua Ben Pandira, historical founder of the Essene sect among the Jews, who studied in Egypt, where he