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Therefore, quantum mechanics measures quantities, quantum states especially characterized by energy, spin and mass. This is the definition of state functions designed to formalize a model so that phe- nomena are reproducible — the magic word of scientific acknowledg- ment in its present form — up to one percent exact. However, unlike classical mechanics, this uncertainty factor is significant. We therefore speak of indeterminist and probabilistic physics. It is important to understand the nature of this indeterminism. Do not forget that Planck laid down a simple principle: electromag- netic radiation is emitted or absorbed by packets (quanta). The quan- c toa ae at E=hf where f is the radiation frequency and h is Planck’s constant." It is crucial not to confuse a quantum with a particle. n . c 1 1 ae ead cut 4 Conservation of energy, also known as the first law of thermody- namics, is much less rigid than we believe. In the framework of the expanding universe, astrophysicists acknowledge a loss of energy because the frequency is changed by this expanding space, reducing the number of cycles per conventional time unit. There is therefore no mortal sin in making this law fly into pieces. On the other hand, the kinetic energy of a particle equals: where m is its mass and v is its velocity. In the standard cosmological model, mass is sustained and a correlative loss of energy is observed as the particle recedes into expanding space! Therefore, in the infinitely small we can accept that energy increases without the correlative increase of mass by “playing” on the frequency and ultimately, that we succeed in grasping the nature of time that is in the denominator. A fre- quency is a number of cycles per time unit. By acknowledging that this temporal unit does not reflect the reality of time flow, but underesti- mates it in the framework of fractal time, we then obtain larger ener- gies at the wave scale that are imperceptible on our scale, i.e., that of our unit “second.” It is in fact an underestimation in the infinitely small and an overestimation in the infinitely big. I will get back to this later after describing fractal time. The true meaning of quantum mechanics may escape us completely unless we accept that the measurement depends upon the instrument Progress means a better perception of reality 47 tum of energy is thus defined by: E=%xmxv>