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us and a star, the less time pass. In other words, since the frequency is directly linked to fractal and discrete time, distance is the actual source of redshifts without causing a Doppler effect. The Hubble constant, a supposedly fixed value, is expressed in kilo- meters per second per megaparsec (3,061.0” kilometers). Astronomers do not know the exact value. It presumably lies between fifty and one hundred, probably around sixty-five. The rate at which a star is moving away from Earth (or recessional velocity) is calculated by using the fol- lowing equation: v=H.d where v is the recession velocity, H is the Hubble constant and d is the star’s distance. As H is constant, the recession velocity of more-distant stars increases. Please note that the distance of stars (d) is measured based on the estimated distances of nearby stars, which are also based on approximations. The age of the universe is thus determined by a continuous series of estimates based on this constant’s estimate, which has been adjusted constantly to make sure that the oldest bodies are also included in the predicted age, currently estimated at 13.5 billion years. However, does the universe really have an age? New redshifts Version in absolute relativity : fractal static universe The possible recession (d) of a star is much less quantified by a redshift than distance (D), which separates it from Earth. More space between chronons Real wavelength Real wavelength Imperceptible phenomenon on the terrestrial spatio- temporal scale. The spectrum of a more distant star shows a greater redshift due to the lower temporal density. The more there is space, the less there is time Figure 91 The possible recession (d) of a star is much less quantified by a redshift than distance (D), which separates it from Earth. More space between chronons Real wavelength Imperceptible phenomenon on the terrestrial spatio- temporal scale. The spectrum of a more distant star shows a greater redshift due to the lower temporal density. The spectrum of a more distant star shows a greater redshift due to the lower temporal density. The soft sciences: weightier than billions of suns 287 New redshifts Version in absolute relativity : fractal static universe The more there is space, the less there is time