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285CHAPTER 45 The soft sciences: weightier than billions of suns IN ABSOLUTE RELATIVITY , time is three-dimen- sional, fractal and discrete. In general relativity, it is one-dimensionaland continuous. This means that in absolute relativity time is virtuallynon-existent between celestial bodies. The fact that the “chronalcharge” of the cosmic vacuum is so weak causes the suppression of allenergy forms. This is predicted by the classical models of the universe,as the wavelength of photons follows the universal beam dimensionsin the theory of universal expansion. From that perspective, the energyof photons decreases 103while mass is conserved. The energy of the uni- verse is therefore not constant as mass is conserved. That causes prob-lems. The difficulty with this standard model is that galaxies, galacticclusters and superclusters should dilate along with the universe! How-ever, that does not happen! They behave like confetti stuck to a balloonthat is being inflated. Only the vacuum follows that expansion. We arethus faced with a considerable logic problem. Fractal time solves thisproblem, for every stellar or galactic system is a fractal whole in itself.Surprisingly, however, mass cannot remain constant in proportion todistance. The Compton wavelength in quantum mechanics clearlyshows that mass diminishes as the distance 104grows. To really grasp the concept of fractal STs, it is therefore important to distinguish betweenthe interstellar vacuum and the quantum vacuum. They are opposites.The first possesses very little energy; the second has massive amountsof it that cannot even be measured given the current state of our tech-nological abilities. In other words, determining the age of the universedoes not make sense, because it should be seen as a series of sheets ofpartially separated STs, with specific metrics of type log p/log q and a