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205CHAPTER 35 Space and time: beneath the cobblestones lies freedom CONTRARY TO WHAT WE BELIEVE ,particles do not exist. They manage a punctual ST that can behave like a wave. Wespeak of “quantum entities” instead of particles. It is impossible to discuss time without discussing space. A new notion of the granularity of space and time emerges. Just as there aregrains of energy (quanta), there are invisible grains of sand in the spatio-temporal hourglass. In a way, temporal grains are energetic grains. In the case of discrete (discontinuous) space, the theoretician AlainConnes pictured non-commutative geometries allowing for the pres-ence of spatial structures showing a discontinuous nature (hyperfinemesh network structure) without violating fundamental symmetries.The spatial coordinates have been replaced by noncommutative “alge-braic operators.” Therefore, the order of their use is not random. Itseems as if these geometries restore the usual properties of space on thelargest scales, particularly the spatial isotropy, i.e., invariant under rota-tion. Please note that meshed networks were invented to react to theaxiomatic constraint of the absence of divergence! In other words, wecreated the means to prove us right! At the same time, the wings of theparanormal are arbitrarily clipped by preventing immaterial phenom-ena to occur. The problem with these noncommutative geometries isactually that they suggest a configuration without time and space; thevery negation of universal dynamics. Nonetheless, they suggest thatspatio-temporal fractals have a pseudo-hermetic boundary (see belowfor the anti-return valve of strong interaction), while leaving an opendoor to exchange. Discrete time seems to pose problems. While observ-ing time quanta, a kind of temporal particles, it is indeed difficult for us