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in this case, matter would lose its stability. He concurs with Roland Lehouc of the Atomic Energy Authority CEA. However, this stability does not resemble any of the properties of rigid bodies. There is a permanent fuzziness: cloud build-up (electrons) + gluonic elasticity (quarks). The effects of the interactions (contain- ment of the atomic nucleus, electronic connections between atoms and subsequently molecules, the manifestation of life) actually constitute the residue of these interactions and of a slight imbalance of the forces. This slight disparity allows the universe to be as we see it. This explains why physical theories have been interested in this entropy, in this permanent chaotic motion, in this irreversibility of time and its Ari Lehto followed a quite different approach and went back to basics as described by the ancients a very long time ago: cyclical time. This is indeed the foundation, because matter (electrons and protons) determines that cyclical or periodic time rules. Periodic time contra- venes the irreversibility of time, i-e., causality, both in the past and the future. However, how can temporal periodicity and irreversibility exist side by side? The author showed in his article that periodic time can be used to describe phenomena that are not dependent upon time flow. According to him, it is important to start by symmetrizing the degrees of freedom of space and time. In other words, the topology (3, 1) is not in conformity with the totality of observational reality. Symmetry (3, 3) allows for the asymmetry of phenomena subject to temporal flow while allowing those that are not to exist also, which is the case for the elements in atoms. Galilean reference frames can be obtained by using either complex coordinates (as in Minkowski space-time) or six real space-time coor- dinates. The major difficulty is the physical understanding of the extra time dimensions. Therefore, he suggested the use of a formal frame- work to classify extra dimensions of 3D time. The Italian school has also made progress in the study of three- dimensional time. Lehto observed that Demers, Mignani, Recami, Dattoli and Vysin have studied coordinate transformations, electro- magnetism and tachyon monopoles in a six-dimensional space-time based on observable time: cause-effect relations. E. Cole has shown that ad hoc transformations between two T=sqr (t, +t, + t?,)