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The Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction hypothesis, the more formal name for length contraction was proposed by George Francis FitzGerald and independently proposed and extended by Hendrik Lorentz to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment, which attempted to detect Earth's motion relative to the luminiferous aether. After reading a paper by Heaviside that showed how electric and magnetic fields are affected by motion, FitzGerald hit on the idea that when a body moves through space its size changes due to its motion, and that this may explain Michelson and Morley's "null result". FitzGerald suggested the contraction in an 1889 letter to Science, but did not himself see the letter in Max Abraham and Walter Kaufmann developed the concept of Mass being separate from velocity as early as 1898, 1 year after the discovery and naming of the electron. The significance is that as an electron is accelerated its mass increases. Max Abraham (March 26, 1875 — November 16, 1922) was a German physicist. Abraham was born in Danzig, Germany (now Gdansk in Poland) to a family of Jewish merchants. Attending the University of Berlin, he studied under Max Planck. He graduated in 1897. For the next three years, Abraham worked as Planck's assistant. From 1900 to 1909, Abraham worked at Gottingen as a privatdozent, an unpaid lecturing position. Abraham developed his theory of the electron in 1902, in which he hypothesized that the electron was a perfect sphere with a charge divided evenly around its surface. Walter Kaufmann (June 5, 1871, Elberfeld - January 1, 1947, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German physicist. He is most well-known for his first 93 print, and it attracted no notice until many years later