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lore, should throw light on the subject. Before proceeding to a further examination of the composition and compilation of the book, it will be well to survey the opinions of those who have devoted learning and critical acumen to this topic.! noua. 111 en toe 1 14 te ot + coe 1 Both Laurence and Hofmann, in their translations and notes, had complained of a want of unity and connection in the book. They therefore resorted to a transposition of different parts to more harmonizing places, but not to the satisfaction of later critics, as the necessary inner harmony and connection was not thereby restored. That plan was then dropped, and the idea that the book consisted of several independent parts, written by different authors at different times, became an almost universal conviction. LUCKE? analyzes the book as follows: The present book of Enoch consists first of an older portion, embracing chap. 1-36 and 72-108, and secondly of a younger portion, contained in chap. 37-71, in which, however, are some later interpolations. The former 1 These opinions have been mostly collected from the original sources themselves, and where this source failed the deficiency was supplied by Schiirer, Neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte, Leipzig, 1874, p. 521 sqq. 2 Elnleit. in die Offenb. Johannes, 1852, pp. 89-144. 20 was written in the beginning of the Maccabaean contest, 166-160 B.C., as the “great horn,” 90:9, is Judas Maccabi, the later during the first years of the reign of Herod the Great. No date can be assigned to the interpolations. In his “Nachtrage,” however, p. 1072, he holds that the older portion was written during the reign of John Hyrcanus, 135-105 B.C., adopting Ewald’s view. J. CHR. K. VON HOFMANN! claims that the main body of the work was written by one and the same Christian author in the second century after Christ. For him the small lambs in 89-90 are not the heroes of the Maccabaean struggle, but the early Christians. The quotation in Jude is, then, not from Enoch, but was the occasion of the production of this apocryphal writing. Later interpolations are found in 59-71; 82:4-20; 92; 106-108. Hofmann has the honor of being the first to discover the correct interpretation of the seventy shepherds in 89 and 90. DILLMANN’ also claimed one author for the main body of the work, but did not deny later additions and interpolations. These are: (1) the historical 6-16, 93 and 91:12-17; 106-107. (2) the Noachic 54:7-55:2; 60; 65-69:25. (3) then chap. 20, 70, 75:5; 82:9-20; 108. The book was written about 110 B.C., as the “great horn” in 90:9 is John Hyrcanus. The additions, however, were made in the first century before the Christian era. Later? he admits that, irrespective of the interpolations, the book must be regarded as a compilation of two, or even three, different works. He, with ' Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenland. Gesellschaft, vol. vi. 1852, p. 87-91, and Schriftbeweis (2d ed.), vol. 1. pp. 420-423. 2 Das Buch Henoch, 1853, p. v sqq. 3 Herzog, R. E. (1st ed.), vol. xii. pp. 308-310, and Schenkel’s Bibel Lexikon, vol. iii. pp. 10-13. 21 Ewald, regards 37-71 as the older portion, and places it in the first years of the Asmoneans, while the union of the different parts was probably effected about the middle of the first century B.C. EWALD! discovers the following parts in the book: (1) The groundwork, 37-71, written about 144 B.C. (2) The second Henokh book, 1-5; 91-105, and other fragments, in the beginning of the reign of John Hyrcanus. (3) The third Henokh, book of which remnants have been preserved in 8; 20-36; 72-90; 106-108, written about 128 B.C. (4) The Noah book, found in 6:3-8; 17-19; 54:7-55:2; 65-69:1, somewhat younger than the preceding. (5) The present complete Henokh, whose editor added considerable in 6-16, and wrote about the middle of the first pre-Christian century.