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APPENDIX (12). 255 reality and also generates actual traces and luminous phenomena visible to other witnesses in their normal state. Finally, we could hypothesize extraterrestrial travelers using rad- ical methods of space-time manipulation, notably the use of four- dimensional wormholes for space and possibly even time travel (11). Such travelers could perform many of the physical feats ascribed to ufonauts, and they could also manifest simultaneously throughout what appears to us as different periods in our history. This hypothesis repre- sents an updating of the ETH where the "Extraterrestrials" can be from anywhere and any time, and could even originate from our own Earth CONCLUSION Exciting as an extraterrestrial visitation to earth would be, this paper has pointed out that in the current state of our knowledge, UFO phenom- ena are not consistent with the common interpretation of this hypothe- sis. Neither do the observed patterns support the theory that all UFOs can be explained as combinations of natural effects, or as psychosocio- logical processes. Therefore it is proposed that future research in this field could fruitfully explore alternative hypotheses, such as those involv- ing either natural or artificial control systems. The arguments raised here are not intended as a complete refutation of the ETH. Until the nature and origin of UFO phenomena can be firmly established, it will naturally be possible to hypothesize that extra- terrestrial factors, including undiscovered forms of consciousness, are playing a role in its manifestations. But any future theory should con- structively address the facts we have reviewed. At a minimum, the idea of extraterrestrial intervention should be updated to include current theoretical speculation about "wormholes" and other models of the physical universe.