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Chapter 5 1. Daniel X. Freedman, "On the Use and Abuse of LSD," Archives ofGeneral Psychiatry 18 (1968): 330417. 2. We did not collect these urine drug tests as a tool to screen out volunteers. Rather, we were interested in seeing if anyone testing positive had psychedelic experiences different from those of volunteers who were not using recreational drugs. There were only a handful of positive urines in our first study, and these volunteers' data did not differ from those of volunteers with negative urines. In subsequent studies, therefore, we dropped these ex- pensive tests. 3. We asked volunteers to guess which dose they got on each double-blind day. It was easy to tell which was the high dose. But it was intriguing to find out how difficult it was to tell the difference between the intermediates doses, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg. Even more surprisingly, many research subjects confused the low dose and saltwater placebo. Our rating scale turned out to be more accurate than the volunteers in ranking, from high to low, the dose received on any given day. That is, the questionnaire reliably showed that 0.2 mg/kg caused a larger psychological response than did 0.1, and 0.05 more than saltwater, even when volunteers’ hunches about the dose were wrong. Chapter 6 1. Rick J. Strassman, "Human Hallucinogenic Drug Research in the United States: A Present- Day Case History and Review of the Process," Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 23 (1991): 29-38. 2. The salt form was necessary so the DMT would dissolve in water. It's similar to cocaine— free base doesn't dissolve in water, but various cocaine salts do. Chapter 8 1. Gillin et al. (1976); and B. Kovacic and Edward F. Domino, 'Tolerance and Limited Cross- Tolerance to the Effects of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and Lysergic Acid Diethyla- mide-25 (LSD) on Food-Rewarded Bar Pressing in the Rat," Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 197 (1976): 495-502. 2. Rick J. Strassman, Clifford R. Quails, and Laura M. Berg, "Differential Tolerance to Bio- logical and Subjective Effects of Four Closely Spaced Doses of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine in Humans," Biological Psychiatry 39 (1996): 784-95. Chapter 9 1. The results of the dose-response study in which we characterized the effects of different amounts of DMT appeared in published form in 1994 in Dr. Freedman's journal, the Archives ofGeneral Psychiatry. One paper described the biological data, the other psycho- logical responses and the new rating scale. Freedman took special care to shepherd the articles through, demanding rewrite after rewrite. Sadly, he had been dead a year by the time the papers finally came out. He never had the opportunity to relish seeing a public written record of the fulfillment of his long-held dream: the resumption of human psyche- delic research. See Rick J. Strassman and Clifford R. Quails, "Dose-Response Study of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine in Humans. I: Neuroendocrine, Autonomic, and Cardiovascular Effects," Archives ofGeneral Psychiatry 51 (1994): 85-97; and Rick J. Strassman, Clifford NOTES + 353