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3. William J. Turner Jr. and Sidney Merlis, "Effect of Some Indolealkylamines on Man," Archives ofNeurology and Psychiatry 81 (1959): 121-29. Chapter 1 1. For reviews of historical data regarding naturally occurring psychedelics' importance, see Marlene Dobkin de Rios, Hallucinogens: Cross-Cultural Perspectives (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1984); and Peter Furst, Flesh of the Gods: The Ritual Use ofHallucinogens (New York: Waveland, 1990). For more speculative musings regarding these issues, see Ronald Siegel, Intoxication: Life in Pursuit of Artificial Paradise (New York: EP Dutton, 1989); Terence McKenna, Food of the Gods (New York: Bantam, 1993); and Paul Devereux, The Long Trip: A Prehis- tory of Psychedelia (New York: Penguin, 1997). Wasson's work is the most exhaustive regarding early spiritual functions of psyche- delic natural substances—see R. Gordon Wasson, Carl A. P. Ruck, and Stella Krammrisch, Persephone's Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of Religion (New Haven, CT: Yale Univer- sity Press, 1988). For in-depth discussions of specific plants and their roles in aboriginal societies, see Richard E. Schultes and Albert Hofmann, Plants of the Gods (New York: McGraw Hill, 1979). For the chemistry of those plants, see Richard E. Schultes and Albert Hofmann, The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens, 2nd ed. (Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1980); and Jonathan Ott, Pharmacotheon (Kennewick, WA: Natural Products Co., 1993). Albert Hofmann's tale of discovering LSD never fails to delight—LSD: My Problem Child (New York: McGraw Hill, 1980). 2. Neurotransmitters allow chemical communication among nerve cells in the brain. A trans- mitting cell releases a neurotransmitter, which then attaches to specialized receptor sites on the receiving cell. This docking of transmitter to receptor begins a sequence of events ending in the release of the receiving cell's own neurotransmitter, and the process contin- ues down the line. Other well-known neurotransmitters include norepinephrine (norad- renaline), acetylcholine, and dopamine. 3. Fora sense of the vast amount of information accumulated during those years, see Abram Hoffer and Humphrey Osmond, The Hallucinogens (New York: Academic Press, 1967). Remarkably, almost forty years after its publication, this remains the best available text- book on these drugs. 4. For an excellent review of the scientific basis for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, see Walter N. Pahnke, Albert A. Kurland, Sanford Unger, Charles Savage, and Stanislav Grof, "The Experimental Use of Psychedelic (LSD) Psychotherapy," Journal of the American Medical Association 212 (1970): 1856-63. 6. Historians often contrast Leary's freewheeling take-all-comers approach to the use of psychedelics with Huxley's view that their use must be limited to a small elite of leaders and artists. The fact remains, however, that without the relatively lawless approach of Leary (see Timothy Leary, Flashbacks [New York: JP Tarcher, 1997]) and Ken Kesey (see Paul Perry, On the Bus [St. Paul, MN: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1997)), it is unlikely many of us would have had the opportunity to encounter these drugs. NOTES + 347 5. Aldous Huxley, Doors of Perception and Heaven and Hell (New York: HarperCollins, 1990).