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tite ee, Ay a eda ia Hs a ny +H “ah Mil fons i we i) d his i wll 7m “i sit iy iy | rh Wh rr a ih aT a re i yh it yi ie oe i i Py pill, | a wa i The idea that the earth, through its energy system or network, is conscious, forms the basis of the more spiritually inclined explanations. These are, in turn connected to the ecological concerns that have surfaced over the last 40 years. Colin Andrews has spoken on many occasions about his belief that the message of the circles is one of warning: 'Mother earth is crying’. Allied beliefs include the sense that the earth is receiving energies designed to assist in the raising of consciousness and that circles mark these incoming beams. These ideas are hard to test experimentally. Finally in this section we touch on a hybrid idea, which draws on several sources. Andrew Collins, in his book The Circle Makers (see Further Reading), develops the idea that the circles may be formed through the medium of 'orgone’, the name given by Wilhelm Reich to the invisible 'substance' that pervades the atmosphere, given various names in different ages and cultures, such as 'ether'. He sees this as interacting with nodal points on the earth, often the locations of ancient sites, and making crop formations through the emission of ultrasonic waves. The picture is completed by the capacity of orgone to interact with human consciousness. This summary is necessarily brief; Collins' book contains a complex mix of ideas, and is worth reading to understand his ideas in detail. Finally, we come to the hoax theory, which proposes that most, if not all circles are the work of human beings. All researchers would accept that man-made events have occurred, the debate is about proportion. Hoaxes have played a part throughout the story, as we have already seen in the case of the operation Blackbird episode, and the tabloid newspapers in the early 1980s. Seeding of circles Hoax Explanations