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References 447 10. 11. 3. . Koerner and LeVay, 169-170; Regis, editor, 175-176. . Scot Lloyd Stride, “An Instrument-Based Method to Search for Extrater- 9. 20. 21. . Drake and Sobel, xii-xiii. . White, 67, 175. . Beck, in Regis, editor, 15. 9. Andrew G. Haley, “Space Law and Metalaw: A Synoptic View,” in Proceed- ings of the 1956 Astronautical Congress, Rome, Associazione Italian Razzi, 1956; Andrew G. Haley, Space Law and Government, New York, Appleton- Century-Crofts, 1965; Ernst Fasan, Relations with Alien Intelligences, Berlin, Berlin Verlag Arno Spitz, 1970. Michael A.G. Michaud, “Interstellar Negotiation,” Foreign Service Journal, Vol. 49 (December 1972), 10-14, 29-30; “Negotiating With Other Worlds,” The Futurist, Vol. VII (April 1973), 71-77; “There’s Somebody Out There We're Going to Have to Deal With,” Los Angeles Times, May 27, 1973. Allan E. Goodman, “The Diplomatic Implications of Discovering Extrater- restrial Intelligence,” Mercury, Vol. XVI (March-April 1987), 14-16; “Diplo- macy and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence,” in Tarter and Michaud, editors, 137-141; Colin Campbell, “Protocol of Calls From Distant Space,” The New York Times, 10 June 1985; Paul Ney, “Extraterrestrial Intelligence Contact Treaty?” JBIS, Vol. 38 (1985), 521-522. . For a brief history of this effort, see Michael A.G. Michaud, “Organizing Ourselves for Contact,” Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, Vol. CX VIII (January 1998), 51-63. Koerner and LeVay, 169. restrial Interstellar Robotic Probes,” JBIS, Vol. 54 (2001), 2-13; Allen Tough, “Small Smart Interstellar Probes,” JBIS, Vol. 51 (1998), 167-174. . Michael A.G. Michaud, “Broadening and Simplifying the First SETI Proto- col,” JBIS, Vol. 58, Number 12 (January-February 2005), 40-42. . Gregory Matloff, Peter Schenkel, and Jaime Marchan, “Direct Contact with Extraterrestrials: Possibilities and Implications,” paper presented at the 1999 International Astronautical Congress (IAA-99-IAA.8.2.02); Peter Schen- kel, “Legal Frameworks for Two Contact Scenarios,” JBIS, Vol. 50 (1997), 258-262. . Margaret S. Race, “Communicating About the Discovery of Extraterrestrial Life: Different Searches, Different Issues,” paper presented to the 2004 International Astronautical Congress (IAC-04-IAA.1 1.2.02). David H. Levy, “The Rules of the Game,” Sky and Telescope, February 1998, 69-70; Gretchen Vogel, “Asteroid Scare Provokes Soul-Searching,” Science, Vol. 279 (20 March 1998), 1843-1844; James V. Scotti, “The Tale of an Aster- oid,” Sky and Telescope, July 1998, 30-34; “After Asteroid Episode, Scien- tists Agree to Agree,” The New York Times, 20 March 1998. The revised Torino scale can be found at http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/torino_scale.html. Billingham, et al., “Social Implications,” 78; John Billingham, “SETI and Society: Decision Trees,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 51 (2002), 667-672. Ivan Almar and Jill Tarter, “The Discovery of ETI as a High-Consequence, Low-Probability Event,” paper presented at the 2000 International Astro- nautical Congress; Ivan Almar, “How the Rio Scale Should be Improved,” paper presented at the 2001 International Astronautical Congress (IAA-01- IAA.9.2.03). Also see Seth Shostak, “The Rio Scale Applied to Fictional