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446 References an eye by nature’s standards.” New York Times Book Review, 30 January 2005. 22. See Michael A.G. Michaud, “Towards a Grand Strategy for the Species,” Earth-Oriented Applications of Space Technology, Vol. 2 (1982), 213-219. For a more popularized version, see Michael A.G. Michaud, “Sharing the Grand Strategy,” Space World, Vol. U-8-248 (August 1984), 4-9. 23. For another version of the reconnaissance argument, see Finney’s views in White, 3. 24. Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot, 385. 25. Freeman Dyson, Disturbing the Universe, New York, Harper, 1979, 234. Also quoted in John Noble Wilford, Mars Beckons, New York, Knopf, 1990, 215. 26. Sagan, Pale Blue Dot, 327, 371, 375, 405. 27. Nigel Calder, Spaceships of The Mind, New York, Viking, 1978, 141. 28. Rodney Brooks, “The Merger of Flesh and Machines,” in John Brockman, editor, The Next Fifty Years: Science in the First Half of the Twenty-First Century, New York, Vintage, 2002, 183-193. 29. Michael A.G. Michaud, “An Extraterrestrial Ethos,” America, Vol. 139 (11 November 1978), 330-331; Ivan Almar, “Protection of the Planetary Envi- ronment,” paper presented at the 1999 Astronautical Congress (IAA-99- JAA.7.1.02); Martyn J. Fogg, Terraforming: Engineering Planetary Environments, Warrendale, PA, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1995, 496. Also see James E. Oberg, New Earths, Harrisburg, PA, Stackpole, 1981. 30. Dave Brody, “Terraforming: Human Destiny or Hubris?” Ad Astra, Vol. 17, Number 2 (Spring 2005), 29-33; Oliver Morton, Mapping Mars, New York, Picador USA, 2002, 313; Martyn J. Fogg, Terraforming: Engineering Plane- tary Environments, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1995, 496. Also see James E. Oberg, New Earths, Harrisburg, PA, Stackpole, 1981. 31. Mautner and Matloff, “Directed Panspermia.” 32. William H. McNeill, The Rise of the West, New York, New American ren - 4070 077 . Steven J. Dick, “Cosmotheology,” in Dick, editor, Many Worlds, 205. . Quoted in MacGowan and Ordway, 359 . . John Billingham, “Scientific and Cultural Aspects of SETI,” paper prepared as background material for a meeting of the International Academy of Astro- nautics SETI Committee in 1994 (the meeting was canceled). . Michael A.G. Michaud, “On Communicating with Aliens” (book essay on five works about SETI), Foreign Service Journal, Vol. 51, Number 6 (June 1974), 33-34, 40. . Stephen E. Doyle, “Cultural and Institutional Aspects” (for roundtable on SETI and Society), paper presented at the 1997 International Astronautical Congress (IAA-97-IAA.7.1.04). Annex: Preparing